Init 8/22/2014 by Daniel R. Barnes WARNING: This presentation may contain images and other intellectual content stolen brazenly from the internet without the permission of the owners. It is meant for non- profit use by Mr. Barnes’ current chemistry students only. Do not copy or distribute this file. Its very existence may be illegal. An Exercise in Pattern Recognition Press your “End” button at any time to go to the HYPERINDEX™. WARNING: Pedagogically, this lesson takes an awful lot of chances. It might have to be scuttled for all but gifted classes... But then, again... Hmmm....

... Inductively determine the sub-atomic particle-based mathematical definitions of atomic number, mass number, and electric charge, after looking at the statistics for several example atoms. “SWBAT = “Students will be able to”... Induce the laws of nature by looking at data. TOO WORDY & SPECIFIC

NOTE TO CREATOR: You need to make a proper worksheet for this activity. It needs to include not only the grey boxes FITB side, in portrait format, but also questions about how students determined the mathematical definitions of atomic #, mass #, and charge.

Mass# of legs Top speed BehaviorRubiesSapphires Jump height 21.2 kg24 m/s Waters 4 plants/hr cm 30.8 kg36 m/s Waters 6 plants/hr cm 20.8 kg24 m/s Picks 4 fruit/hr cm 60.4 kg612 m/s Waters 2 plants/hr cm 40.6 kg48 m/s Picks 4 fruit/hr cm 122 kg1224 m/s Waters 20 plants/hr cm kg1020 m/s Picks 3 fruit/hr 521 cm Alien Robot Data

If you already know the rules for atoms about protons, neutrons, electrons, atomic number, mass number, and electric charge, please don’t tell other people in your group what they are. It will kill the learning experience for them. They need to exercise their thinking muscles.

Look at your first atom and copy down its information in a neat, tabular format. (Rows & columns – make a data table.) Look at your Atom Rules Determination Activity worksheet and see if you think you can make any educated guesses about what goes in the boxes. (In other words, hypothesize.) Pick another atom, copy down its stats, and decide whether or not your guesses about what goes in the boxes are correct. Repeat this cycle until you’ve seen so many atoms that you feel very confident that you know what the rules about atoms are. At some point during the period, your instructor will start asking the audience what they think the rules are for atoms. Students will be asked to explain why they believe what they believe, based on the example atoms provided. If the instructor says an answer is right, correct your worksheet answers if necessary.

Atom Rules Determination Activity Daniel R. Barnes Init 8/22/2014 Last update = 12/22/ :43 PM Atomic number = number of protons. Mass number = protons + neutrons Atomic number determines element. Electric charge = protons - electrons 1 st shell can hold 2 e-, 2 nd shell can hold 8 e- In an atom’s symbol, mass number is a left-hand superscript. In an atom’s symbol, electric charge is a right-hand superscript. In an atom’s symbol, electric charge is written # first, then sign (idk why!) Protons and neutrons have roughly equal mass, but that of the neutron is slightly larger. Electrons have very little mass compared to protons and neutrons. Protons have a +1 electric charge. Neutrons have no electric charge. (They’re neutral.) Electrons have a -1 electric charge. Name: Per: Date:

Protons = 10 Neutrons = 0 Electrons = 9 Element = neon Atomic number = 10 Mass number = 10 Electric charge = +1 Ne 10 + Atom #1) Symbol =

Protons = 10 Neutrons = 2 Electrons = 0 Element = neon Atomic number = 10 Mass number = 12 Electric charge = +10 Ne Atom #2) Symbol =

Protons = 3 Neutrons = 0 Electrons = 10 Element = lithium Atomic number = 3 Mass number = 3 Electric charge = -7 Li 3 7- Atom #3) Symbol =

Protons = 4 Neutrons = 3 Electrons = 6 Element = beryllium Atomic number = 4 Mass number = 7 Electric charge = -2 Be 7 2- Atom #4) Symbol =

Protons = 3 Neutrons = 6 Electrons = 5 Element = lithium Atomic number = 3 Mass number = 9 Electric charge = -2 Li 9 2- Atom #5) Symbol =

Protons = 6 Neutrons = 8 Electrons = 0 Element = carbon Atomic number = 6 Mass number = 14 Electric charge = +6 C Atom #6) Symbol =

Protons = 6 Neutrons = 1 Electrons = 4 Element = carbon Atomic number = 6 Mass number = 7 Electric charge = +2 C 7 2+ Atom #7) Symbol =

Protons = 10 Neutrons = 10 Electrons = 1 Element = neon Atomic number = 10 Mass number = 20 Electric charge = +9 Ne Atom #8) Symbol =

Protons = 10 Neutrons = 7 Electrons = 9 Element = neon Atomic number = 10 Mass number = 17 Electric charge = +1 Ne 17 + Atom #9) Symbol =

Protons = 6 Neutrons = 10 Electrons = 6 Element = carbon Atomic number = 6 Mass number = 16 Electric charge = 0 C 16 Atom #10) Symbol =

Protons = 1 Neutrons = 5 Electrons = 3 Element = hydrogen Atomic number = 1 Mass number = 6 Electric charge = -2 H 6 Atom #11) Symbol = 2-

Protons = 9 Neutrons = 6 Electrons = 4 Element = fluorine Atomic number = 9 Mass number = 15 Electric charge = +5 F 15 Atom #12) Symbol = 5+

Protons = 3 Neutrons = 2 Electrons = 2 Element = lithium Atomic number = 3 Mass number = 5 Electric charge = +1 Li 5 Atom #13) Symbol = +

Protons = 2 Neutrons = 5 Electrons = 5 Element = helium Atomic number = 2 Mass number = 7 Electric charge = -3 He 7 Atom #14) Symbol = 3-

Protons = 8 Neutrons = 4 Electrons = 3 Element = oxygen Atomic number = 8 Mass number = 12 Electric charge = +5 O 12 Atom #15) Symbol = 5+

Protons = 2 Neutrons = 6 Electrons = 6 Element = helium Atomic number = 2 Mass number = 8 Electric charge = -4 He 8 Atom #16) Symbol = 4-

Protons = 4 Neutrons = 4 Electrons = 8 Element = beryllium Atomic number = 4 Mass number = 8 Electric charge = -4 Be 8 Atom #17) Symbol = 4-

Protons = 5 Neutrons = 8 Electrons = 7 Element = boron Atomic number = 5 Mass number = 13 Electric charge = -2 B 13 Atom #18) Symbol = 2-

Protons and neutrons have roughly equal mass, but that of the neutron is slightly larger. In an atom’s symbol, electric charge is written # first, then sign (idk why!) Atom Rules Determination Activity Daniel R. Barnes Init 8/22/2014 Last update = 12/22/ :43 PM Atomic number = number of protons. Mass number = protons + neutrons Atomic number determines element. Electric charge = protons - electrons 1 st shell can hold 2 e-, 2 nd shell can hold 8 e- In an atom’s symbol, mass number is a left-hand superscript. In an atom’s symbol, electric charge is a right-hand superscript. Electrons have very little mass compared to protons and neutrons. Protons have a +1 electric charge. Neutrons have no electric charge. (They’re neutral.) Electrons have a -1 electric charge. Name: Per: Date:

Push a button. Go to a place™. Atom #1 Atom #2 Atom #3 Atom #4 Atom #5 Atom #6 Atom #7 Atom #8 Atom #9 Atom #10 Atom #11 Atom #12 Atom #13 Atom #14 Atom #15 Atom #16 Atom #17 Atom #18 Title Page Directions Worksheet – no reveal Worksheet – click to reveal