The Atom.

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The Structure of an Atom

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Presentation transcript:

The Atom

Law of Conservation of Mass Was discovered by Antoine Lavoisier Helped moved alchemy to be chemistry Mass cannot be created nor destroyed in normal chemical or physical processes.

Aristotle – the four basic elements -Earth -Air -Water -Fire

Democritus Follower of Leucippus An Atomist Coined the word atomos meaning uncuttable or the smallest particle of matter

2000 years later John Dalton – School Teacher Five main points of Dalton's atomic theory Elements are made of tiny particles called atoms. All atoms of a given element are identical.

3. The atoms of a given element are different from those of any other element; the atoms of different elements can be distinguished from one another by their respective relative atomic weights. 4. Atoms of one element can combine with atoms of other elements to form chemical compounds; a given compound always has the same relative numbers of types of atoms. 5. Atoms cannot be created, divided into smaller particles, nor destroyed in the chemical process; a chemical reaction simply changes the way atoms are grouped together.

Daltons Model of the Atom

Cathode Ray Tube

Plum Pudding Model of the Atom JJ Thompson

Gold Foil Experiment – Ernest Rutherford

Rutherford’s Model of the Atom

Particle Symbol Relative Charge Mass (kg) Mass Number Location electron e- -1 9.109x10-31 Around Nucleus proton p+ +1 1.673x10-27 1 Nucleus neutron n0 1.675x10-27

Atomic Number: The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom Mass Number: The total number of protons and neutrons on a nucleus Atomic Number Symbol Atomic Mass

Isotope: Atoms of the same element that have different masses

Determining the number of protons neutrons and electrons in an isotope. # of protons = atomic number 17 # of neutrons = mass number – atomic number 35 - 17= 18 # of electrons = # of protons in a neutral atom 35 17 Cl # of protons = atomic number 35 # of neutrons = mass number – atomic number 80 – 35 = 45 # of electrons = # of protons in a neutral atom Bromine-80

Practice!! Aluminum -27 Copper-65 B Xe Lead-208 protons-13 neutrons-14 electrons-13 protons-29 neutrons-36 electrons-29 protons-5 neutrons-6 electrons-5 protons-54 neutrons-77 electrons-54 protons-82 neutrons-126 electrons-82 11 5 131 54