Space-Based Navigation Systems Sun-N-Fun Larry Oliver – Flight Standards (AFS-430) April 2006

Agenda Review of GPS basics Development of Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) and Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) Performance based navigation What are we doing? (Future forecast)

Global Positioning System (GPS) Comprised of 24 satellites Transmitting on the same frequency Currently more satellites Due to outliving original life expectancy Designing third generation satellite (2015) (dual frequency) Satellites broadcast signal; receiver captures and develops pseudorange position information

Your GPS Receiver Navigator Database

Why Are We Going to GPS? Performance Cost Reliability Better use of space Routes Terminal area Arrivals/Departures

Angular (VOR) vs Linear Accuracy of a linear system versus angular No need to buy real estate on mountain tops for VORs No need to buy real estate 7 miles from runway end for OM Global system VOR Accuracy decreases with distance GPS Route Accuracy constant

VOR or GPS RWY 27 Lakeland, Florida

Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitor (RAIM) Outages may occur due to Insufficient number of satellites in view Unsuitable satellite geometry Aircraft pitch/bank angle (antenna blockage) RAIM predictions consider satellite outages/geometry You should do RAIM predictions for ETA

Pilot Limitations of GPS TSO-C129: Airborne Supplemental Navigation Equipment Using GPS TSO-C145: Airborne Navigation Sensors Using GPS Augmented by WAAS TSO-C146: Stand-Alone Airborne Navigation Equipment Using GPS Augmented by WAAS

Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) System of ground based receiver sites in North America Measure system error Transmit data to a WAAS Master Station (WMS) Uplink to a geostationary satellite Satellite transmits back to aircraft Accuracy typically within 2-3 meters Excellent vertical accuracy LPV approaches down to 200 feet

LPV Approach Localizer performance with vertical guidance Looks and flies like an ILS Maintained in your onboard database Minimums as low as 200 feet AGL Visibility determined by airfield infrastructure

RNAV (GPS) Z RWY 7L Daytona Beach, Florida

Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) Benefits of LAAS Achieve ILS CAT II/III minima Reduced infrastructure Single system for all runway ends Guided missed approaches Flexibility in sequencing Tighter spacing due to more accurate navigation Parallel simultaneous instrument approach procedures

Moving Toward a Performance-Based National Airspace System What is performance-based navigation? What kind of equipment will be used? When will it occur?

Required Navigational Performance (RNP) Required Navigation Performance (RNP) is a critical component of the movement toward performance-based navigation in the National Airspace System. RNP is a concept of area navigation (RNAV) operations in which the aircraft navigation system provides containment, monitoring and alerting for flight within a given airspace.

Relevant FAA Documents TSO-C129 TSO-C145 TSO-C146 AC 90-94 AC 20-138 AC 90- (RNP) Aeronautical Information Manual

Conclusions Major changes are underway! Old nav aids will go away Reliance on GPS will increase New capabilities will be added Adding new airplanes and increasing number of flights But new airports/runways will be rare

RNAV (RNP) RWY 19 Washington Reagan