Unification of Germany & Italy

GERMANY

1849 Independent small German states (Prussia largest) **Similarities: German language & Protestant faith

1862 Otto von Bismark becomes Prussia’s chief minister --- wants to unify Germany w/ “blood and iron” policy = powerful army **Obstacles: Austria, France, & German princes

War w/ Denmark A ) Denmark invades Schleswig 2) Prussia & Austria free it from the Danes (Danish) 3) P & A split the conquered provinces

BWar w/ Austria ) P & A fight over the provinces = Austro- Prussian War (7 weeks war) 2) Prussia wins hurts Austrian power Bismark creates and controls N. German Confederation (all but 4 Catholic states)

War w/ France ) Bismark & Napoleon III create a dispute and declare war 2) S. German states join N. German Confederation Franco- Prussian War 3) French defeated & Napoleon taken prisoner 1871 – Paris surrenders Treaty of Frankfurt 1) Germany received 2 provinces (coal & iron) 2) France had to give $$$ to Germany 3) S. German states join & German Empire created C

King William I becomes Kaiser of Germany Bismark becomes chancellor **German Empire

ITALY

1848 Failed Revolution led by Giusseppi Garibaldi **Obstacles: Austria and the pope

1852 “risorgimento” movement led by Count Camillo Cavour (prime minister of Piedmont) -promoted constitutional monarchy & economic growth **need to be economically & politically stronger to win Italian territory from Austria

1)Secret alliance w/ France & provokes Austria 2) War ends w/ treaty: Piedmont receives state of Lombardy 3) Rebellions break out in Tuscany, Parma, & Modena against Austria = success

1860 – Piedmont controls all of Italy, except Kingdom of 2 Sicilies, Papal States, and Venetia

May Garibaldi w/ army called Red Shirts take control of Kingdom of 2 Sicilies **Papal states protected by French army

1861 – Victor Emmanuel 2 (King of Sardinia) declared King of Italy

1866 – Italy allies w/ Prussia in 7 Weeks War **defeat of Austria = province of Venetia taken over by Italy

1870 – Franco-Prussian – withdrew troops from Rome – Italians took control and Rome becomes capital

Map of Italy in

AB C Independent small German states (Prussia largest) **Similarities: German language & Protestant faith Otto von Bismark becomes Prussia’s chief minister --- wants to unify Germany w/ “blood and iron” policy = powerful army **Obstacles: Austria, France, & German princes ) Denmark invades Schleswig 2) Prussia & Austria free it from the Danes (Danish) 3) P & A split the conquered provinces War w/ DenmarkWar w/ Austria ) P & A fight over the provinces = Austro- Prussian War (7 weeks war) 2) Prussia wins hurts Austrian power Bismark creates and controls N. German Confederation (all but 4 Catholic states) **German Empire King William I becomes Kaiser of Germany; Bismark becomes chancellor War w/ France ) Bismark & Napoleon III create a dispute and declare war 2) S. German states join N. German Confederation Franco- Prussian War 3) French defeated & Napoleon taken prisoner 1871 – Paris surrenders Treaty of Frankfurt 1) Germany received two provinces (coal & iron) 2) France had to give $$$ to Germany 3) S. German states join & German Empire created GERMANY

1848 Failed Revolution led by Giusseppi Garibaldi **Obstacles: Austria and the pope 1852 “risorgimento” movement led by Count Camillo Cavour (prime minister of Piedmont) -promoted constitutional monarchy & economic growth **need to be economically & politically stronger to win Italian territory from Austria 1) Secret alliance w/ France & provokes Austria 2) War ends w/ treaty: Piedmont receives state of Lombardy 3) Rebellions break out in Tuscany, Parma, & Modena against Austria = success 1860 – Piedmont controls all of Italy, except Kingdom of 2 Sicilies, Papal States, and Venetia May Garibaldi w/ army called Red Shirts take control of Kingdom of 2 Sicilies **Papal states protected by French army 1861 – Victor Emmanuel 2 (King of Sardinia) declared King of Italy 1866 – Italy allies w/ Prussia in 7 Weeks War **defeat of Austria = province of Venetia taken over by Italy 1870 – Franco-Prussian – withdrew troops from Rome – Italians took control and Rome becomes capital