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Nervous System Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Parasympathetic Somatic Nerves Autonomic Nerves Spinal Cord Brain MotorSensorySympathetic HindbrainMidbrainForebrain Cerebellum Medulla Oblongata Pons Hypothalamus Thalamus Olfactory Lobes Corpus Callosum Cerebrum The Four Lobes … Text, p.241

CNS & PNS CNS – coordinating centre for information coming in and going out (brain and spinal cord) PNS – carries information between organs of the body and the CNS

First, the Peripheral Nervous System…

voluntary Somatic Nerves voluntary Control muscles that are connected to the skeleton and skin Sensory nerves –Relay information about the environment Motor nerves –Initiate an appropriate response Think of a pin pricking your finger…

involuntary Autonomic Nerves involuntary Special nerves to control the internal organs of the body Sympathetic –“on” switch to prepare for stress Parasympathetic –“off” switch to return to normal resting levels What do lie detector tests and erectile dysfunction have in common??

Nervous System Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Parasympathetic Somatic Nerves Autonomic Nerves Spinal Cord Brain MotorSensorySympathetic Text, p.241

And now, the Central Nervous System…

Spinal Cord Carries sensory nerve messages from receptors to the brain Relays motor nerve messages from the brain to muscles and glands Like the brain, it is made up of grey and white matter

Nervous System Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Parasympathetic Somatic Nerves Autonomic Nerves Spinal Cord Brain MotorSensorySympathetic Text, p.241

THE BRAIN

Oops! That’s better…

The Brain Meninges – protective membranes that surround the brain inside the skull –dura mater – outer membrane (“tough mother”) –arachnoid mater – middle layer (spiderweb- like) –pia mater – inner layer (“tender mother”) p. 257

The Brain Major user of glucose (can’t use any other source of energy) How does glucose enter the body??? So, how does this make you feel about the “no-carb” craze??

Regions of the brain Forebrain –Contains olfactory lobes, cerebrum & corpus callosum Midbrain –Less developed; four spheres of grey matter; relay centre for some eye and ear reflexes Hindbrain –Behind midbrain, joins the spinal cord –Cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata

Forebrain Olfactory lobes (2) – smell Cerebrum –2 giant hemispheres; major coordination centres of sensory info & motor reaction –Speech, reasoning, memory & personality Cerebral cortex –The surface of the cerebrum –Composed of grey matter with many fissures

Forebrain continued Corpus callosum –A bundle of nerves that connects the 2 hemispheres Hemispheres are divided into lobes –Frontal lobe –Temporal lobe –Parietal lobe –Occipital lobe

Lobes of the Cerebrum Page 260 in your text lists the functions of the lobes

Forebrain or Midbrain Thalamus –Below the cerebrum –Coordinates and interprets sensory info Hypothalamus (below) –Connected to pituitary –Connects the nervous and endocrinal systems

Nervous System Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Parasympathetic Somatic Nerves Autonomic Nerves Spinal Cord Brain MotorSensorySympathetic HindbrainMidbrainForebrain Cerebellum Medulla Oblongata Pons Hypothalamus Thalamus Olfactory Lobes Corpus Callosum Cerebrum The Four Lobes … Text, p.241

Hindbrain Cerebellum –Controls limbs, balance, muscle tone Pons (“bridge”) –Relay station between the 2 parts of the cerebellum and between the cerebellum and the medulla Medulla Oblongata –Connector between spine and brain; regulates involuntary muscles

Page 259 in the text Look at the differences in brains of different organisms Cerebellum – muscle tone, movements Forebrain – reason, intellect, memory, language, personality Medulla oblongata – autonomic nerve control

Sheep Brain… …see you tomorrow!