3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

2 Essential Question What are the structures of the nervous system? What are the structures of the nervous system?

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 3 Introduction: Structures of the nervous system

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 4 Cellular structures of the nervous system Neuron- a nerve cell Extensions of the neuron Extensions of the neuron  Dendrites - many  Axon - one

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 5 Cellular structures of the nervous system Neuron- a nerve cell  Myelin sheath - a special covering of the axon  Synapse – the space between neurons

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 6 Structures of the nervous system Central nervous system Central nervous system  Brain  Spinal cord

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 7 Structures of the nervous system Peripheral nervous system Peripheral nervous system  Nerves  Cranial nerves  Spinal nerves  Sensory receptors

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 8 BRAIN Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 9 BRAIN Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN Cerebrum Cerebrum  Divided into two hemispheres (right and left)  Frontal lobe  Occipital lobe  Parietal lobe  Temporal lobe

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 10 BRAIN Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN Diencephalon Diencephalon   Located between the cerebrum and the midbrain  Structures  Thalamus  Hypothalamus  Pineal body  Pituitary gland

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 11 BRAIN Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN Diencephalon Diencephalon  Thalamus – spherical mass of gray matter; deep in the cerebral hemispheres  Hypothalamus – lies below the thalamus; part of the limbic system  Pineal body – endocrine system gland  Pituitary gland – endocrine system gland

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 12 BRAIN Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN Limbic system Limbic system  Located in the center of the brain  Encircles the top of the brain stem.  Composed of the amygdala, hippocampus, cingulated gyrus, and other intricate structures. (Informational only for reference.)

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 13 BRAIN Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN Cerebellum Cerebellum

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 14 BRAIN Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN Brain stem  Midbrain  Pons  Medulla oblongata

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 15 BRAIN Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN Meninges Meninges  Dura mater  Outermost layer  Arachnoid  Middle layer  Pia mater  Innermost layer

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 16 BRAIN Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN Ventricles - Ventricles - lined cavities deep within the brain   filled with cerebrospinal fluid   Choroid plexus – rich network of blood vessels

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 17 Spinal Cord Structures of the central nervous system: Spinal Cord  Surrounded by the vertebrae, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 18 Spinal Cord Structures of the central nervous system: Spinal Cord Peripheral nervous system Peripheral nervous system  12 cranial nerves  31 pairs of spinal nerves

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 19 Structures of the central nervous system  I. Olfactory  II. Optic  III. Oculomotor  IV. Trochlear  V. Trigeminal  VI. Abducens  VII. Facial  VIII. Vestibulocochlear  IX. Glossopharyngeal  X. Vagus  XI. Accessory  XII. Hypoglossal

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 20 Structures of the central nervous system Peripheral nervous system Peripheral nervous system  31 pairs of spinal nerves

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 21 Structures of the central nervous system Peripheral nervous system Peripheral nervous system  12 cranial nerves  31 pairs of nervous Anterior View Posterior view

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 22 Structures of the central nervous system Motor system Motor system  Autonomic nervous system  Sympathetic nervous system  Parasympathetic nervous system  Somatic nervous system

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 23 Autonomic nervous system Structures of the central nervous system Autonomic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system  Extends from the base of the brain, along both sides of the spinal column  These nerves connect to all internal organs Parasympathetic nervous system  The vagus nerve connects the medulla with organs of the upper body  The pelvic nerve emerges from the spinal cord and connects with the organs of the lower body

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 24 Somatic nervous system Structures of the central nervous system Somatic nervous system  These nerves are located along the spinal cord.  Connect skeleton, muscles and joints to the brain.

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 25 Structures of the central nervous system Check your knowledge…

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 26 Structures of the nervous system Remember this!

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 27 Essential question What are the structures of the nervous system? What are the structures of the nervous system?