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Phylum Mollusca

Mollusca molluscus means soft, are group of soft-body animals. Second largest phylum in the animal kingdom A milimeter till 18 meter length. Occur in a wide variety of environments CHARACTERISTICS

CHARACTERISTIC  General Body Plan  Head  Ventrally located muscular foot  Dorsally located visceral mass  Covered by a fleshy outgrowth of the body wall called a mantle/pallium  Radula a tongue-like structure bearing transvers rows of chitinous teeth (except for bivalves)  Complete digestive tract, mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestine, and anus.  Gonads in visceral mass

 Skeletal  Skeletal- Mantle may secretes a shell. Use hydrostatic pressure for ventral muscular foot.  Muscles  Muscles -Ventral muscular foot and other muscles present.  Digestive  Digestive- complete complex with salivary glands, digestive gland and Rasping tongue (Radula).  Circulatoryn Circulatory System  Circulatory - Open Circulatory System except for Cephalopoda. Dorsal heart, usually in a pericardial cavity.  Respiratory  Respiratory - Ctenidia (gills) in mantle cavity, respiratory pigment. System Function

 Excretory  Excretory- by nephridia act as kidney usually connecting to the pericardial cavity,  Nervous  Nervous - Nerve ring with various pairs of ganglia—two pairs of nerve cords, one innervating the foot, the other the visceral mass (modified ventral ladder-like system)  Integumentary  Integumentary - Mantle  Endocrine  Endocrine - nervous systems produces hormones.  Reproductive  Reproductive - varied- monoecious, or dioecious. Larva in marine = trochophore and veliger, in freshwater clam is glochidium.

1.Class Gastropoda 2.Class Bivalvia 3.Class Cephalopoda CLASSIFICATION

Class Gastropoda Gastropoda gaster=belly, podos=food  Members usually sluggish and sedentary  Mostly with asymmetrical bodies  Move couse muscular contraction, that satrt from posterior till anterior  Univalves, Shell usually spiral, distinct head, scraping radula.  Visceral mass typically turned 180° counterclockwise = torsion.

General Stucture of Gastropoda

RADULA Toothed chitinous ribbon in the mouth of most mollusks used for cutting and chewing food before it enters the esophagus It is present in all molluscs except bivalves

Pila (freshwater kuhol) Class Gastropoda

Haliotis (abalone); Class Gastropoda

Turbo (turban snailClass Gastropoda

Cypraea (cowries) Class Gastropoda

Nudibranchs Spanish shawl Sea slug

Class Bivalvia / Pelecypoda Bivalvia bi= two, valvia=valve  Hatchet/axe shaped foot in burrowers  Head lacks eyes, radula and tentacles  Shell of two lateral valves, with dorsal hinge.  Mantle of flattened right and left lobes. Posterior margin commonly forming siphons  Labial palps beside mouth  Has ligament at dorsal end, act as hinge  Bivalve shell composed of periostracum, prismatic, nacreus layer.

Tridacna (giant clam) Class Bivalvia

Spondylus (scallop) Class Bivalvia S. princeps

Chlamys (scallop) Class Bivalvia C. islandicus C. swifti

Perna (mussel) Class Bivalvia P. veridis

Anodonta (freshwater clam) Class Bivalvia A. suborbiculata A. anatina

Class Cephalopoda Cephalopoda chepalo= head, podos=food Free-swimming Fast moving Active carnivores Elongated body Skeleton may be external, internal or absent Foot developed into prehensile arms or tentacles Large head with conspicuous eyes Ventral foot modified into tentacles(are arms) with suckers

Class Cephalopoda Well-defined head Complex eyes Brain in cartilaginous cranium (+) radula Beak-like jaws Tentacles surrounding mouth

Loligo (squid) Class Cephalopoda

The Role of Mollusca for Human A high-protein source Jewelry such as pearl oyster Decoration and buttons such as the shell of rock oyster Terrazo materials such as the shell of Tricadacna sp