UNIT 5: INDIA Hinduism

India Today Population: 1.25 Billion People  80% Hindu, 13% Muslim, 2% Christian Capital: New Delhi Government: Federal Republic

Hinduism Founder:  There is no one founder Age:  Name comes in the 16 th century  Differentiate from Muslims  4,000 years of tradition Atman  Individual Soul Brahman  World Soul  Contains all Atmans

Concepts of Hinduism Dharma  One’s role you play or position in life  Set of rules that must be followed to be promoted Applications  Different people have different rules  What’s right for one may not be right for another Where you live, who you marry, job profession etc.

Concepts of Hinduism Karma:  Person’s action in life determine future state of their soul.  Bad Actions against Dharma Newton’s Law Every Action has an Equal and Opposite reaction

Concepts of Hinduism Reincarnation:  Upon death, a person’s soul moves into another living thing.  Moksha=Goal  End of Death and Rebirth Cycle  Over come desire.  Perfect understanding

UNIT 5: INDIA Hinduism’s impact on Society

Caste System Main Castes:  Brahmins- Priests  Kshatriyas- Warriors  Vaishyas-Peasants  Sudra-servants  Untouchables More then 3,000 Sub Castes

Caste System Today Untouchables  Outlawed in 1950  Gov’t jobs given to ex- untouchables Cities  Lines beginning to blur  Universal suffrage  Globalization Villages  Still strong  Change is slower

UNIT 5: INDIA The Hindu Gods

Hindu Gods Brahma:  First God  Created the World  Created all creatures Least worshiped God  Obsessed with Shatarupa  Punishment was not to be worshiped.

Hindu Gods Vishnu  Second God  Preserver/Protector of the Universe  Appeared 9 times on earth

Hindu Gods Shiva  Third God  Destroy the Universe in order to rebuild

Major Religious Practices Holy Pilgrimages to Benares  On Foot Wash hands & Feet before Prayer Bathe in Sacred rivers like Ganges Person Cremated the same day that they die. All life is sacred  Especially cattle  Most Hindus are vegetarians

UNIT 5: INDIA Let’s apply what we know about dharma and Karma

Caste System Simulation Today we will broken down in to different groups from the Hindu caste system, which depends on reincarnation. Those who believe in Hinduism aim to achieve good karma and to fulfill their dharma in efforts to move up in caste ranking during their next life. Everyone should take 3 PAPERCLIPS from the front of the room. These will be your karma points.  Brahman- You are the priest, spending most of your time on religious thought. Using your phones you will research what Hindu’s believe to be the meaning of life. You will also be responsible for awarding karma points.  Kshatriya- You are an elite warrior. You can spend the class resting, however, when called upon to read, write, or answer questions you must defend our education and perform these duties.  Vaishya- You are a merchant who performs long distant trade. You must find a garbage bag, fill up Mr. McCabe’s water bottle and pass out the wealth of candy to the upper class..  Sudras- You are the hard laborer and the room is a mess, you will rearrange the desks in proper order. Once completed please move the textbooks from one side of the room to the other.  Untouchables- The room is a mess, please pick up the pieces of paper from the ground and place them in the trash bag. Once done please stand in the back of the room As you conduct this simulation please be thinking of you position in Indian society and think of similar position here in America.

Caste Simulation Conclusion Exit Slip to Leave: Why do you think that all social classes appreciate and participate in the caste system? Explain

UNIT 5: EARLY INDIA INDIA Buddhism

History of Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama  Founder of Buddhism  Buddha-Enlightened One Son of Royalty Life Changing experience  Saw an old man, sick man, and a corpse  Leaves wife and son to search for Enlightenment

4 Noble Truths 1. Life is Full of Pain and Suffering 2. Desires Cause this Pain 3. End desire and you end Suffering 4. The Eightfold Path is how you eliminate Desire  Nirvana- Release from Pain and Suffering

Leading a Buddhist Life 4 th Noble Truth – Follow the Eight Fold Path: Guide to behavior - Mastery over many life times Follow to achieve Nirvana :  perfect state of understanding  release from selfishness and pain  break from chain of reincarnations, rebirths Buddhist Beliefs Accepts reincarnation Rejects multiple deities & caste system of Hinduism

Eightfold Path 1. Right to View/Know 2. High and Worth intentions 3. Kind and truthful Speech 4. Right to Conduct 5. Right to livelihood 6. Right Effort 7. Right Mindfulness 8. Right mediation

Buddhism Buddha  Accepted idea of reincarnation  Rejected Hindu gods  Rejected caste system Most Buddhism in China, Japan, and Vietnam 6.4 million in India  376 million world wide Sacred text  The Triptaka

Jainism Mahavira  Is believed to be the one who gave Jainism its modern form  Not necessarily the Founder but the last in a great line of teachers. Major Beliefs  Since everything in Universe has a soul - should not be harmed  Few followers b/c teach tolerance & shun forced conversion

Sikhism Punjab region of India Founder attempted to combine Hinduism with Islam Monotheistic (Muslim) but with Hindu traditions