History 7 Unit 1 Review New France

Before Europeans Before Europeans arrived the Fist Nations Peoples lived throughout North America. Generally, they respected nature and lived harmoniously with the land.

Jacques Cartier In 1534 explorer Cartier was looking for new trade routes to Asia, as well as resources to make France rich. By 1535-1536 Cartier was exploring the St. Lawrence region, going as far as Hochelaga (Montreal).

Samuel de Champlain Champlain was another French explorer looking for routes to Asia and riches for France. He was an excellent map-maker and explored the St. Lawrence region from 1603-1635.

Samuel De Champlain For 20 years Champlain worked to build a colony for France. He made alliances with the Huron people and even joined them in battle in 1609.

Settlers of New France Initially, most settlers were soldiers and religious figures. In 1611 Jesuit Priests arrived and began acting as missionaries trying to spread Catholicism.

The Fur Trade The fur trade was the biggest part of the economy of New France. First Nations Peoples traded beaver pelts for supplies from the French. Also called the “coureurs des bois”.

Coureur De Bois Coureur De Bois – a French term meaning, “runners of the woods” was a name given to Europeans that travelled inland to trade furs directly with the First Nations Peoples. Until 1663, when King Louis 14th changed the laws, they were trading illegally.

Seigneurial Land System Seigneur (seigneurie): a man who was granted land by the king of France. Habitants: the farmers who worked the land owned by the seigneurs.

The Filles du Roi To help populate New France, young women (often orphans) were sent to marry in the new colony. They were given free transportation and some money to get them settled upon their arrival.

The Metis Metis is an old French term meaning, “mixed”. The Metis were a new race of people with one first nations parent and one European parent. Often it was a Coureur De Bois who married a First Nations Woman

Effect of Europeans Settlers brought weapons, supplies, and materials that changed the First Nations way of life. The Europeans also brought their diseases, such as smallpox, which the First Nations Peoples had no immunity to. Smallpox was first recorded in New France in 1616.

The Hierarchy of new france Hierarchical Society: a society in which there are distinct levels of status or authority. In New France there was a hierarchy of power and the King of France was at the top.

The Mercantilist System Mercantilism: an economic system in which a colony provides the parent country with cheap raw materials and buys manufactured goods in return. Triangular Trade: a colony could only trade with its parent country or with other colonies from the same country.

The Growth of The British Colonies By the 1740s the British had strong colonies surrounding New France. The British were also gaining control of the fur trade (The Hudson’s Bay Company was founded in 1670).

Support From First Nations New France needed the support of First Nations Peoples to try to win the battle of the fur trade. First nations canoes and snowshoes were used to try to increase efficiency.

Loss of Acadia The French forces were concentrated on defending New France and not enough protection was placed on Acadia. By 1713 Acadia was a British colony.

The Expulsion of Acadians In 1755 all those in Acadia who would not swear an oath to the British king were expelled from the region (they were forced to leave). Many went to the French colony of Louisiana, where people today are known as “Cajun” (an altered form of the word Acadian.

The Expulsion of Acadians

The Seven Years War 1756-63 The Seven Years War was the climax of fighting between the French and British, with battles around the world. In 1758 the British captured Louisbourg and destroyed the fortress.

The Plains of Abraham In 1759 the British captured Quebec city in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham. Montcalm led the forces of New France and Wolfe led the British. The British used the “thin red line” as a strategy in their victory.

Plains of Abraham Both Montcalm and Wolfe died in this battle. The Governor of New France, The Marquis de Vaudreuil surrendered Quebec to General Jefferey Amherst, the British commander.

The Treaty of Paris, 1763 The Seven Years War ended in 1763 when the French and the British signed a peace treaty in Paris. New France was handed over to become part of British North America.

Legacy of New France Although the French lost control of New France to the British, they left behind a legacy. New France brought changes to the lives of First Nations Peoples. New France established a French speaking and Roman Catholic population in North America forever.