EQ: What factors define power struggles and stable periods of rule? India 550 CE-1500 Chapter 5, Lesson 4 EQ: What factors define power struggles and stable periods of rule?

This is an overview, don’t copy this in your notes! India Today! This is an overview, don’t copy this in your notes!

India’s People Come in All Shapes and Sizes, Just Like American People People with different clothing People with different religions People with different foods People with different celebrations

India’s Government India is the world’s largest democracy

Famous Indians Gandhi, India’s greatest peacemaker, who influenced Martin Luther King, Jr.

Where People Live in India Today Many Indian people live in villages in rural India

Where People Live in India Other people in India live in large cities, like New Dehli, the capital Mumbai (West) Kolkata (East) Deccan (Southern Plateau), with cities like Bangalore and Chennai

India’s People Have Different Religious Beliefs Hinduism Buddhism Islam (Muslims) Sikkhism Christianity Judaism

India’s History 550 CE-1500 Take notes!

Vocabulary: Chapter 5, Lesson 4 Buddhism (online) Hinduism (online) Theraveda Mahayana Maharaja (in the reading) Timur Lenk (in the reading)

Hinduism Ancient religion, both monotheistic and polytheistic Escape sins of life by attaining purity/perfection of the soul Caste System reinforced by Hinduism Process starts in lowest caste (Untouchables) – Soul reincarnated in person of higher caste Must carry out duties of the caste – Repeated rebirths Soul ultimately becomes perfect and merges with the soul of Brahma (God) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmV2Wd8bOcc

Buddhism Founded by Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 BC) Gave up wealth to study the right way to live – Called Buddha (“the enlightened one”) Life is evil and suffering Can be avoided by good desires Eightfold Path – Do not gossip, have impure thoughts, hate, lie, or steal

Split of India’s Buddhists Rival Hinduism Although Buddhism had been widely accepted in India, differing interpretations of the Buddha's teachings led to a split of Buddhism into two schools—Theravada and Mahayana.

Activity: Theravada vs. Mahayana Buddhism Page 97. “India after the Gupta” Identify the differences between Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism. Theravada Buddhism Mahayana Buddhism

Theravada vs. Mahayana Buddhists Theravada Buddhism: were following the Buddha's original teachings Buddhism as a way of life Focused on gaining self-knowledge as a way of attaining nirvana. Mahayana Buddhism:  Thought that the Theravada teachings were too strict. They viewed Buddhism as a religion rather than a philosophy Buddha seen as divine figure, and devotion could earn believers salvation after death.

Decline of Buddhism in India Buddhism failed to retain its popularity in the country of its origin. The religion did, however, remain popular in the countries of East Asia and Southeast Asia to which it had been introduced.

Activity: Chronological Timeline Eastward Expansion of Islam Read pg. 98 “The Eastward Expansion of Islam” Create a timeline with seven major events in the spread of Islam in the Indian subcontinent. Come up with a timeline title Explain these events Time: Years, Centuries Gupta Empire Collapse 550 CE: = After the Gupta Empire collapse there was no central authority in India. It was divided into 70 states. India was politically fragmented, with a number of small states engaging in continual warfare.

Islam’s Arrival in India  After the fall of the Gupta Empire, India was politically fragmented—small states in continual warfare. Early 8th century, Islamic armies took advantage and move into frontier regions in the NW part of India. Islam’s Arrival in India

Islamic State of Ghazna End of 10th century, a new Islamic state called Ghazna (Afghanistan) arose in the northwest. One of its rulers, Mahmūd of Ghazna, began attacking neighboring Hindu kingdoms and extended his power in the upper Indus River valley.

Muslim Resistance by the Rajputs Hindu warriors called Rajputs attempted to push back the Islamic invaders but were unsuccessful. Mahmūd's successors continued to expand Islamic control in northern India.

Video Activity Watch the following video and take notes. Remember Aryans, were the first invading civilization in India which invaded India in BC. Answer the following question: How did Islam impact India? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3d2QRolijCs

Consolidation of Muslim power in Delhi  By the beginning of the 13th century, Muslims had taken control of the whole north Indian plain, where they established the Sultanate of Delhi. The sultanate (kingdom) was to grow further before beginning to decline in the later 14th century.

The Impact of Timur Lenk  As the Delhi sultanate declined, the Mongol ruler Timur Lenk (Tamerlane) led an invasion, raided Delhi, and slaughtered about 100,000 prisoners. Born in Uzbekistan, Timur Lenk had already conquered a sizeable region of Asia located to the west of India.

Critical Thinking Question Speculating: Why might Timur Lenk have become a legendary figure? (pg. 98) TAKE NOTES: As you watch the video take notes, and answer the following questions: Why do you think Timur was a successful leader? Explain. What do you think eventually brought down Timur Lenk? Explain. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ywbDMretxjo

Timur Lenk's Death  Timur Lenk's death in 1405 ended a major threat to the states of India, but after about a century of calm, new threats to stability would appear in the form of the Moguls and Portuguese traders.

Activity: Indian Society and Culture Read Indian Society and Culture (pg. 99-100) Identify and explain the main ideas on the following subjects. Relationship Between Muslims and Hindu Life in the countryside and the cities Trade in India Architecture Literature

Relationship between Muslims and Hindus Muslim rulers in India attempted to strictly separate themselves from their Hindu subjects. Muslims strove to convert the Hindus to Islam and succeeded in imposing Islamic customs, but in the end they just had to tolerate religious differences.

Trade in India  Although trade within India may have declined because of the continual warfare among the various states, India continued to engage in a robust foreign trade. Foreign trade located along traditional routes between Southwest Asia and East Asia.

Life in the countryside and the cities  Most Indians were peasant farmers who, through their landlords, paid a share of their harvest to their rulers. The landed elite and merchants lived in cities, as did the rulers, who were often very wealthy and enjoyed luxurious lifestyles.

Contributions: Architecture & Literature  Religious architecture flourished during this period, with magnificent and ornately designed Hindu temples being built.  Prose fiction (Literature) was also well established in India at the time, long before it appeared elsewhere in Asia or in Europe. E.g., The Adventures of the Ten Princes by Dandin.

To conclude… How did Islam and Hinduism exist together in Indian society and culture? What were two major sources of wealth in India?