WESTWARD EXPANSION Foreign Relations

Rush Bagot Treaty 1817  What was it what did it do?  1817 Treaty with England- Established border between US and Canada at the Great Lakes  What else did it do?  Limited the number of ships on the Great lakes

Convention of 1818  What was it?  A new treaty with England that set the boundary between Louisiana Territory and Canada at the 49 th parallel.

Adams-Onis Treaty 1819  What did it say and do  Spain sold Florida to the United States for 5 million dollars

Trans Continental Treaty 1819  Part of the Adam’s-Onis Treaty and established the border between U.S. and Spain at the 42 nd Parallel

Mexico becomes a free and independent country  What are we seeing happen to Spain?  Losing its territory By 1824 Spain has lost most of its territory

The Monroe Doctrine  What is it?  A doctrine written by John Quincy Adams  What did it do?  established the policy of the United States against European intervention in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere

What is the overall theme that we see that is going on in the United States During the time period?  Building our nation’s borders and establishing Foreign Policy.

Manifest Destiny  What is it? The driving force (one component) behind America’s expansion to the west (specifically the Pacific Coast) Was not an official government policy Promoted heavily in newspapers, posters, and other propaganda John O’Sullivan first uses the term in a newspaper in 1845 “manifest destiny to overspread the continent” Regarding the annexation of Texas Says America was “chosen” to lead the continent out of wilderness Americans were “chosen” to establish civilization

Manifest Destiny  What it meant to the country Through physical expansion to the west, the United States would be set on a course to become a political and social superpower Manifest Destiny adds fuel to the fire of expansion Advertising potential for great wealth in minerals in the West Promoting programs to help the downtrodden acquire and keep land in the West (if they paid their way)

LURE OF OREGON  DENSE FORESTS FARTHER INLAND HOSTED BEAVER AND OTHER FUR BEARING ANIMALS.

 THIS DREW MOUNTAIN MEN, WHO USED THEIR SURVIVAL SKILLS TO ENDURE A HARSH LIFE OF TRAPPING.

DANGERS FOR MOUNTAIN MEN  WILD ANIMAL ATTACKS  SCARCE GAME IN THE WINTER  ATTACKS FROM INDIANS WHEN THEY TRAPPED WITHOUT PERMISSION

4 COUNTRIES W/ CLAIMS ON OREGON  U.S.  BRITAIN  RUSSIA  SPAIN

AN AGREEMENT:  U.S. AND BRITAIN DECIDED TO SHARE OREGON.(49 th Parallel) RUSSIA AND SPAIN DROPPED THEIR CLAIMS.

THE FUR TRADE  IN JULY, MOUNTAIN MEN CAME OUT OF THE FORESTS TO RENDEZVOUS WITH TRADERS AND HAVE A HOLIDAY.

MISSIONARIES  MARCUS & NARCISSA WHITMAN WORKED W/CAYUSE INDIANS  MADE IT ALL THE WAY TO WALLA WALLA WASHINGTON

MISSIONARIES  CAYUSE KILLED THEM AND 12 OTHER SETTLERS WHO BROUGHT MEASLES TO THEIR TRIBE.

OREGON FEVER Oregon Fever

OREGON FEVER  OREGON TRAIL BEGAN IN INDEPENDENCE, MISSOURI

OREGON FEVER Wagon trains left each spring.

OREGON FEVER  THEY COVERED 2000 MILES IN 5 MONTHS, IN SNOWSTORMS, BLISTERING HEAT, FLOODED RIVERS, AND SICKNESS.

OREGON FEVER MMOST WAGON TRAINS HAD GOOD TRADE RELATIONS WITH INDIANS

LURE OF OREGON  GEOGRAPHY ALONG PACIFIC ATTRACTIVE TO FARMERS:  WILLAMETTE VALLEY  FERTILE SOIL  MILD TEMPERATURES  PLENTIFUL RAINFALL

ASIDE FROM OREGON WHAT OTHER TERRITORY MIGHT THE U.S WANT?  TEXAS  WHY MIGHT WE WANT TEXAS??  LAND  SPREADING WEST  FERTILE SOIL  ALREADY IN THE TERRITORY

Spain Owned “Mexico” allowed Americans to settle in Texas.  Most of the residents in Texas’ 3000 were Tejanos (Mexicans that claimed Texas as their home)  Also Texans who raises Long Horn Cattle  Three tribes of native Americans also lived in the area. What were the three tribes. Page 481  Comanches  Apaches  Kiowas

 Spain Wanted to promote the growth of Texas  Where did people that moved into Texas move from?  UNITED STATES  Individuals called Empresarios were given large lots of land to invite settlers in  Many Settlers moved to Texas from the Southern States of the United States.

One of the First Empresarios to move into the area was Moses Austin Before Moses set up a colony Mexico Declared its independence Stephen Austin took over the land after Moses died

Santa Anna became the Dictator of Mexico in 1833  Texans and Tejanos decided it was time to do something.

What do they decide to do? Pg. 483 They seized control of San Antonio Texas from the Mexican larger Mexican Force

 Santa Anna sent out his troops to shut down the idea of Texas becoming independent and the loss at San Antonio  Texans hold up in a mission called the Alamo  Very little ammunition to fight  Held Santa Anna’s Army at bay for 13 days

The Result  After the 13 days Sana Anna’s Army killed everyone in the Alamo including William Travis, Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett

 Texans declared independence March 2, 1836.

 The new republic’s army was led by Sam Houston, with help from the U.S., African Americans, and Tejanos.

Siege at the Alamo  150 Texans faced 6,000 well-trained Mexican troops.

 William Travis was in command at the Alamo, with no reinforcements coming.

REMEMBER THE ALAMO!  The battle cry led outnumbered Texans to capture Santa Anna a month later at San Jacinto.

The Lone Star Republic had its problems.  Mexico refused to accept the treaty signed by Santa Anna.  Texas was nearly bankrupt.  Commanches threatened communities.