CELLS

- Looking Inside Cells

 Cell Wall: “Protect and Support” - Made mainly of cellulose (strong material) - Found only in plant cells

 Cell Membrane: “Window Screen” - Inside cell wall (plant cells) - Outer covering (animal cells) * Controls what substances come into and out of a cell

- Looking Inside Cells

Nucleus

Nucleus -Control Center“Brain of Cell” -Directs all of the cell’s activities  Nuclear Envelope: -Protects the nucleus -Allows materials in and out (like cell membrane)

 Chromatin: -Contain genetic material (instructions for the cells) -Responsible for cell growth and division Nucleolus: –Produces ribosomes

- Looking Inside Cells

Lysosomes “ Clean-up Crew” Contain chemicals to breakContain chemicals to break down food Digest large food particlesDigest large food particles and “old” cell parts Mainly in Animal CellsMainly in Animal Cells

- Looking Inside Cells

Vacuoles “Storage Tanks” Store food and waterStore food and water Store wastesStore wastes Large in Plant Cells andLarge in Plant Cells and only sometimes found in animal cells WHY?WHY?

Mitochondrion “Powerhouse of the Cell”  Mitochondria are known as the “powerhouses” of the cell because they convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions. - Looking Inside Cells

Chloroplasts Capture energy fromCapture energy fromsunlight Site of PHOTOSYNTHESISSite of PHOTOSYNTHESIS Found only in PLANT CELLSFound only in PLANT CELLS GreenGreen

- Looking Inside Cells

Ribosomes “Protein Factories” Produced in __________Produced in __________ Attach to ER or go to theAttach to ER or go to the Golgi bodies

Endoplasmic Reticulum  The endoplasmic reticulum is similar to the system of hallways in a building. Proteins and other materials move throughout the cell by way of the endoplasmic reticulum. The spots on this organelle are ribosomes, which produce proteins. - Looking Inside Cells

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) “Transportation System of Cell”  Carries PROTEINS (and other materials) to areas in cell

Golgi Body  The Golgi bodies receive proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell. - Looking Inside Cells

Golgi Bodies “Mail Room”  Receive proteins and other materials from the ER  Package the materials  Sends materials to other parts of the cell (OR outside of the cell)

- Looking Inside Cells

- Respiration Two Stages of Respiration   During respiration, cells break down simple food molecules such as sugar and release the energy they contain.

- Respiration Photosynthesis and Respiration  You can think of photosynthesis and respiration as opposite processes.