Elements of Short Stories Test Review

Overview A short story is a work of fiction that can be read in one sitting. A short story is a work of fiction that can be read in one sitting. Short stories often contain structural and character elements that should be familiar to you. Short stories often contain structural and character elements that should be familiar to you. These elements can be used as guides to help you think about the actions, themes, and contexts of the story. These elements can be used as guides to help you think about the actions, themes, and contexts of the story.

Plot The chain of related events that take place in a story. The chain of related events that take place in a story. Built around conflict, which is a struggle between opposing forces. Built around conflict, which is a struggle between opposing forces.

Plot at a Glance climax falling action rising action resolution exposition

Exposition: gives the background of the story Rising Action: introduces complications; builds suspense Climax: the turning point of the story suspense reaches its peak Falling Action: events leading the end of the conflict Resolution: resolves the conflict and usually ties up loose ends Parts of the Plot

The plot of a short story centers around conflict. Conflict is a struggle between opposing forces. Complications build the reader’s excitement.

Types of Conflict External -Man v Man -Man v Nature -Man v Obstacle or Society Internal -Man v Himself

Methods of Characterization Creating Believable Characters Indirect Indirect physical appearance physical appearance speech, thoughts, feelings, or actions of the character speech, thoughts, feelings, or actions of the character Direct the narrator’s direct comments about a character

Types of Characters Main or Minor Protagonist or Antagonist Dynamic or Static *Stereotypes=Stock Characters*

Types of Characters Protagonist The main character The main character The hero The hero The character that the reader becomes emotionally involved with. The character that the reader becomes emotionally involved with.Antagonist The character who goes up against the protagonist in the man versus man conflict. The character who goes up against the protagonist in the man versus man conflict. The villain The villain

Types of Characters Dynamic A character who changes as a result of the conflict. A character who changes as a result of the conflict.Static A character that stays the same throughout the story. A character that stays the same throughout the story.

Setting= time and place puts the reader in the story by giving the reader the feeling of being in the situation. creates atmosphere by the positive or negative feelings associated with the place.

Roles of Setting background for action adds details necessary to the story drives the action of the plot (the couldn’t take place in a different setting)

Point of View or.. (Who’s telling this story anyway?) -the vantage point from which the story is told. -determines how much we, the readers, know about the characters.

1st Person Narrator is a character in the story. Narrator uses first-person pronouns, I, me, my, we, us, our to refer to himself or herself. Narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of one character and speaks directly to reader.

3rd Person Limited Narrator does not participate in action of story. Narrator does not refer to himself or herself. Narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of one character, but readers are able to maintain some emotional distance from the character.

3rd Person Omniscient Narrator does not participate in action of story. Narrator does not refer to himself or herself. Narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of all characters; readers get insight into several characters.

What is a symbol?

A symbol is a person, a place, an activity, or an object that stands for something beyond itself.

Theme In literature, theme is a perception about life or human nature that the writer wants to share with the reader. In most cases, the theme is not stated directly but must be inferred. Themes can be revealed by - a story’s title - key phrases and statements about big ideas - the ways the characters change and the lessons they learn about life.