A Creative Era Anna Kim Sun Hong

Music: Jazz 1900s: Jazz emerged 1920s: Jazz music gained popularity Jazz originated from African American musicians in the South New Orleans was an early center for the development of jazz.

The Blues The Blues grew out of slave music and religious spirituals Singers such as Bessie Smith brought blues music to a broader audience. Jazz musicians such as Louis Armstrong began to adopt unique characteristics of blues musics

The popularization of Jazz During the late 1910s thousands of African Americans moved to north Some settled in Chicago and New York. White musicians such as adopted jazz elements into their musics. Jazz clubs such as Cotton club only allowed white customers even though the performers were African Americans.

Harlem Renaissance Many creative black writers, musicians, and artists lived in Harlem. Artistic development in the 1920s is known as the Harlem Renaissance.

Theater The theatrical roles available to African Americans were restricted by the prejudice. African Americans produced and staged several Broadway plays and musicals Paul Robeson: one of the most successful actors of 1920s Rose McClendon: another leading African American actor of the 1920s

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Literature African American writers mainly wrote about racial identity and struggles of African Americans Poet Langston Hughes: poems for African American readers James Weldon Johnson (NAACP) supported the writers He even raised money to help African American artists and art programs in Harlem

The Lost Generation Rise of a new generation of American writers Their work reflected their horror at the death and destruction of WWI These writers criticized the middle-class consumerism (the fact or practice of an increasing consumption of goods). Writers of the Era became known as the Lost Generation.

Lost Generation Writers Ernest Hemingway F. Scott Fitzgerald Sinclair Lewis

Ernest Hemingway Hemingway spent his life in France, Spain, and Cuba. During WWI, he was an ambulance driver as a way to experience war. Later, he expressed his anger at the uselessness of war. 1929, A Farewell to Arms, illustrates the devastation of war.

F. Scott Fitzgerald Fitzgerald wrote This Side of Paradise (1920), and it was about wealthy college students bored by fast living. In 1925, he published a book called, The Great Gatsby, which portrayed the emptiness of one man’s pursuit of money and social status.

Criticizing the Middle-Class Sinclair Lewis criticized the emptiness and conformity of middle-class life. In Main Street (1920), Lewis satirized the close- mindedness of a small Midwestern town. In his 1922 novel, Babbitt, the story was about a middle-aged realtor and city booster who is dissatisfied with his middle-class life but lacks the courage to change.

The Visual Arts Many American painters of the 1920s drew urban, industrial settings. Sense of loneliness and stillness. Early Sunday Morning (1930) shows a row of darkened stores and a street empty of people. Edward Hopper believed that art should reflect the experiences of modern life. Alfred Stieglitz popularize photography He photographed people, airplanes, skyscrapers, and crowded city streets.

Early Sunday Morning

Murals Artistic renaissance of the 1920s took place in Mexico. Mexican Muralist emphasized the nobility of ordinary people: Peasants, tyranny of wealthy people, workers. Orozco, David Alfaro Siqueiros, Diego Rivera They all visited United States to paint murals in the 1930s.

Detroit Industry

Architecture In the 1920s, architecture appeared Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright inspired many architects Wright developed the “prairie style” of domestic architecture Used rectangular shapes and clean, horizontal lines Building’s materials and form should reflect its purpose Chrysler Buildings was completed in 1930. Chrysler Building was the tallest building in the world. Empire State Building was completed in 1931.

Buildings Empire State Building Chrysler Building

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