Lesson 1– The NPT

 Students will differentiate between nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons.  Students will explain the history and purpose of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.  Students will examine current issues facing the global community surrounding nuclear weapons.  Students will formulate opinions about the use and regulation of nuclear weapons.

 What are weapons of mass destruction?  Nuclear, chemical, biological  Inflict mass casualties & destroy infrastructure

WeaponsChemicalBiologicalNuclear Definition: Examples: Rules against development, production, stockpiling, & use:

WeaponsChemicalBiologicalNuclear Definition:Non-living toxins with capacity to injure or kill Living organisms (viruses, bacteria, toxins) spread disease Atomic & Hydrogen bombsAtomic & Hydrogen bombs, Dirty bombs Examples: Rules against development, production, stockpiling, & use:

WeaponsChemicalBiologicalNuclear Definition:Non-living toxins with capacity to injure or kill Living organisms (viruses, bacteria, toxins) spread disease Atomic & Hydrogen bombsAtomic & Hydrogen bombs, Dirty bombs Examples:Sarin, Mustard, Chlorine Gasses; Cyanide 9/11 Anthrax, Small pox, Ebola, Bubonic plague Hiroshima & Nagasaki WW2 Rules against development, production, stockpiling, & use:

WeaponsChemicalBiologicalNuclear Definition:Non-living toxins with capacity to injure or kill Living organisms (viruses, bacteria, toxins) spread disease Atomic & Hydrogen bombsAtomic & Hydrogen bombs, Dirty bombs Examples:Sarin, Mustard, Chlorine Gasses; Cyanide 9/11 Anthrax, Small pox, Ebola, Bubonic plague Hiroshima & Nagasaki WW2 Rules against development, production, stockpiling, & use: 1992 Chemical Weapons Convention (175) 1972 Biological Weapons Convention (169) 1970 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (189)

 1945 – US 1 st A-Bombs, end WW2  1946 – Baruch Plan  1949 – USSR 1 st A-Bomb  1950’s – GB, FRA, China detonate Sputnik – Proliferation Geneva Accords  1957 – IAEA Created  1962 – Partial Test-Ban Treaty after Cuban Crisis  1968 – UN proposes Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty

 Controls dvpt, spread, use of nuclear technology  Signed March 5, Original, 189 Today  3 Goals: Non-proliferation Disarmament Fair access for peaceful use

 Nuclear Weapons States (NWS) Exploded device prior Jan 1967 US-USSR-GB-France – China Can’t transfer weapons/info  Non-Nuclear Weapons States (NNWS) Don’t /Won’t have Technology for peaceful use IAEA Monitoring

 I – NWS can’t transfer weapons/info to NNWS  II – NNWS won’t receive weapons/info  III – NNWS won’t turn peace into weapons, IAEA monitoring  IV – All R&D peaceful tech, free exchange info/tech, share w/dvp world  V – Share at lowest possible cost (free?)  VI – Agree to disarm negotiations  VII – Can make own disarm treaties  VIII – Meet every 5 yrs  IX – Ratification  X – Withdrawal procedure

 NWS – Big 5  Non-NPT Nuclear States India & Pakistan (Never signed) N.Korea (Quit ‘93, ‘03)  Suspected Programs Israel (Never signed) Iran (NPT Member) Syria/Myanmar abcnews.go.com/GMA/Media/north-korea-helping-myanmar-secret- nuclear-program/story?id=

Nation – 1 st TestTotal Nuclear Arsenal China – 1964~ 260 France – 1960~ 300 India – 1974~ 120 Israel -~ 80 Pakistan ~ 120 Russia ~ 7,700 United Kingdom ~ 225 United States ~ 7,100 North Korea < 10 Total~16K Source: http:// global-prolif6.pdf

 Prevents proliferation  Regulations  Sets stage for future negotiation Review Conference every 5 yrs (May 2015) Review Conference

 Looking Forward, Proliferation Is Still Greatest Existential Threat We Face Looking Forward, Proliferation Is Still Greatest Existential Threat We Face

Strongly AgreeAgreeUndecidedOpposeStrongly Oppose Preventing the spread of nuclear weapons should be our most important foreign policy. Deterrence can effectively protect the US against attack by other states. Nuclear weapons can actually reduce the likelihood of war. A nuclear war cannot be won, and should never be fought. The challenges of nuclear weapons can be addressed only through international cooperation. The US should never accept international agreements that limit our ability to develop and test nuclear weapons. We should modernize our nuclear weapons stockpiles and develop new “mini nukes” for use during limited war. We should continue to develop a national missile defense system to protect us from smaller attacks

 Do nuclear weapons make the world more or less safe?

 US Role In Changing World Reading “Nuclear Weapons” & Guided Reading Questions