Animal Tissues What are tissues? Groups of cells with common structure and function. 1.Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues 2.Connective TissueConnective Tissue 3.Nervous TissueNervous Tissue 4.Muscle TissueMuscle Tissue

Organs Different tissues organize into organs Stomach has 4 tissue layers: –Epithelium lines lumen and secretes digesitve juices –Connective tissue lies outside this epthelium –Smooth muscle lies next –Connective tissue on outermost layer Mesenteries are connective tissues that hold organs in place

Body Cavities What are the two body cavities found in mammals? Thoracic cavity – houses the lungs and heart Abdominal cavity – lower cavity separated by diaphragm Organ systems……

Digestive Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, intestines, pancreas, anus Processes Food Circulatory Heart, blood vessels, blood Distribution of materials Respiratory Lungs, trachea Gas exchange Immune, Lymphatic Bone marrow, lymph, thymus spleen, white blood cells Body defense Excretory Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra Removal of metabolic waste, water balance Endocrine Pituitary, thyroid, panceras etc Coordination of body activities Reproductive Ovaries, testes and associated organs reproduction Nervous Brain. Spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs Response to stimuli Integumentary Skin, hair, claws, etc Protection against desiccation, and infection Skeletal Skeleton, bones, tendons Body support Muscular Sleletal muscles movement

Bioenergetics Food contains the energy that keeps animals alive.Food contains the energy that keeps animals alive. Metabolic rate = total energy an animal uses per unit time Endothermic animals are warmed by metabolism, must work to keep body temp. constant Ectothermic animals warm themselves by absorbing heat from their environment

BMR = basal metabolic rate of resting endothermic animal SMR= standard metabolic rate of ectotherm at a specific temperature What causes the inverse relationship between metabolic rate and size? Greater SA:volume in small animals, causes greater loss of heat.

Body Plans Single celled organisms have entire surface area in contact with environmentSingle celled organisms have entire surface area in contact with environment Simple multicellular organisms keep flat body plan with thin cellsSimple multicellular organisms keep flat body plan with thin cells Larger more complex animals fold their internal surfaces to keep exchange with environment.Larger more complex animals fold their internal surfaces to keep exchange with environment.

Homeostasis Interstitial fluid = internal fluid found between body cells Homeostasis = maintaining a steady stateHomeostasis = maintaining a steady state Feedback circuits help maintain homeostasisFeedback circuits help maintain homeostasis

Regulators vs. Conformers

Thermoregulation

Liver and Homeostasis

Covers outside of body and lines organs and cavities. Notice how structure fits function.

Made of collagen, non-elastic does not tear easily