Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 1.3 Adding and Subtracting Whole Numbers, and Perimeter

Martin-Gay, Prealgebra & Introductory Algebra, 3ed 22 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. Addition Property of 0 The sum of 0 and any number is that number = 8 and = 8

Martin-Gay, Prealgebra & Introductory Algebra, 3ed 33 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. Changing the order of two addends does not change their sum = 6 and = 6 Commutative Property of Addition

Martin-Gay, Prealgebra & Introductory Algebra, 3ed 44 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. Changing the grouping of addends does not change their sum. 3 + (4 + 2) = = 9 and (3 + 4) + 2 = = 9 Associative Property of Addition

Martin-Gay, Prealgebra & Introductory Algebra, 3ed 55 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. Subtraction Properties of 0 The difference of any number and that same number is 0. 9 – 9 = 0 The difference of any number and 0 is the same number. 7 – 0 = 7

Martin-Gay, Prealgebra & Introductory Algebra, 3ed 66 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. Polygons A polygon is a flat figure formed by line segments connected at their ends. rectangle square triangle Geometric figures such as triangles, squares, and rectangles are called polygons.

Martin-Gay, Prealgebra & Introductory Algebra, 3ed 77 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. Perimeter The perimeter of a polygon is the the polygon The perimeter of a polygon is the distance around the polygon.

Martin-Gay, Prealgebra & Introductory Algebra, 3ed 88 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. Descriptions of problems solved through addition may include any of these key words or phrases: Key WordsExamplesSymbols added to3 added to plus5 plus more than7 more than totaltotal of 6 and increased by16 increased by sumsum of 50 and Addition Problems

Martin-Gay, Prealgebra & Introductory Algebra, 3ed 99 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. Descriptions of problems solved by subtraction may include any of these key words or phrases: Key WordsExamplesSymbols subtractsubtract 3 from 99 – 3 differencedifference of 8 and 28 – 2 less12 less 812 – 8 less than2 less than 2020 – 2 take away14 take away 914 – 9 decreased by16 decreased by 716 – 7 subtracted from5 subtracted from 99 – 5 Subtraction Problems

Martin-Gay, Prealgebra & Introductory Algebra, 3ed 10 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. Be careful when solving applications that suggest subtraction. Although order does not matter when adding, order does matter when subtracting. For example, 10 – 3 and 3 – 10 do not simplify to the same number. Helpful Hint

Martin-Gay, Prealgebra & Introductory Algebra, 3ed 11 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. Since subtraction and addition are reverse operations, don’t forget that a subtraction problem can be checked by adding. Helpful Hint

Martin-Gay, Prealgebra & Introductory Algebra, 3ed 12 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. The graph shows the number of endangered species in each country. Number of Endangered Species Country Reading a Bar Graph Source:. Source: The Top 10 of Everything, Russell Ash