Officiating at the High School Level No coaching of players during game No coaching of players during game Book says no bending of the rules… but what is in effect is the spirit of the law vs. the letter of the law Book says no bending of the rules… but what is in effect is the spirit of the law vs. the letter of the law The game is an “outdoor classroom” learning: The game is an “outdoor classroom” learning: * Gracious Winning and Losing * Proper Sporting Behavior * Essence of Teamwork *Communicating with Authority Figures

Three Systems of Play – The Dual A. Dual System A. Dual System Designation: Two referees – a lead official and a trail official – One becomes head referee and one becomes the assistant Designation: Two referees – a lead official and a trail official – One becomes head referee and one becomes the assistant Both have equal responsibility and equal authority on making calls, but he head official is the one who makes decisions on all administrative calls. Both have equal responsibility and equal authority on making calls, but he head official is the one who makes decisions on all administrative calls.

Advantages - Dual System (Cont’d) Only two official needed Only two official needed Two different angles or sets of eyes on each play Two different angles or sets of eyes on each play Play is always boxed in by two officials Play is always boxed in by two officials There are two referees to communicate with players and coaches regarding incidents There are two referees to communicate with players and coaches regarding incidents Sound learning tool for new official Sound learning tool for new official

Disadvantages of Dual System Poor Offside coverage Poor Offside coverage Conflicting calls by officials Conflicting calls by officials Two individual games being called Two individual games being called Poor field coverage Poor field coverage Poor communication over distance Poor communication over distance One official calls game being dominated One official calls game being dominated Open door for Coach’s dissatisfaction Open door for Coach’s dissatisfaction

B. Diagonal System Uses one referee and two assistant referees (A.R) Uses one referee and two assistant referees (A.R) AR’s perform pre-game duties; indicate ball out of play, when player is offsides, direction of throw-in; goal kick; corner kick AR’s perform pre-game duties; indicate ball out of play, when player is offsides, direction of throw-in; goal kick; corner kick Assist Ref in controlling game via fouls and misconduct, substitutions, back-up scoring, timing and bookings. Alert to functions occurring off the field of play. Assist Ref in controlling game via fouls and misconduct, substitutions, back-up scoring, timing and bookings. Alert to functions occurring off the field of play.

Advantages of Diagonal System One official makes call – consistency One official makes call – consistency Worldwide system – better training Worldwide system – better training Only one fully experienced official needed Only one fully experienced official needed Greater offside coverage Greater offside coverage

Challenges of Diagonal System Three Officials are needed as opposed to two Three Officials are needed as opposed to two Poor Referee….Poor Game-Youth learn game Poor Referee….Poor Game-Youth learn game Ref can overrule AR offsides/fouls Ref can overrule AR offsides/fouls

C. Double Dual (Three Whistle) System Uses a Center Referee (CR) and two side referees. CR covers center of field with the two side referees covering the sides of field Uses a Center Referee (CR) and two side referees. CR covers center of field with the two side referees covering the sides of field Side Refs have some control responsibilities as CR Side Refs have some control responsibilities as CR

Advantages of Double-dual System Play on and off ball has greater coverage Play on and off ball has greater coverage It allows for great offside coverage It allows for great offside coverage All plays can be covered by CR and one of the side referees All plays can be covered by CR and one of the side referees Three officials to communicate with players, call fouls and handle violent conduct Three officials to communicate with players, call fouls and handle violent conduct Officials are promoted to Ref status sooner Officials are promoted to Ref status sooner All Refs have integral part of game- less dropouts All Refs have integral part of game- less dropouts

Disadvantages of Double-dual Three paid in lieu of two officials Three paid in lieu of two officials Foul calling inconsistent when differing levels of referees used Foul calling inconsistent when differing levels of referees used

Rule Differences A. Both Teams Sub on Corner Kicks B. Unlimited Subs when warranted while NCAA players leaving in First half cannot re-enter in that half; and in the second half players Can re-enter once. C. Second Yellow Card to same player, player can Leave the field and be substituted. NCAA..no!

Rule Differences (Cont’d) When a throw-in does not enter the field of play the throw-in is given to the other team. When a throw-in does not enter the field of play the throw-in is given to the other team.