Grammar Review English I

When you have a sentence… 1. Look for prep. phrases, subject, and verb 2. Ask yourself: Action, Linking, or Being verb?? (note: direct, indirect obj, pred adj, pred nouns are called complements) **If it’s an action verb…do you have a direct? indirect object?

**If it’s an action verb…do you have a direct? indirect object? **If it’s a linking verb…do you have a predicate adj? pred. noun? (if no pa or pn, it’s a being verb)

NOW…you can look for other parts of speech…adjective, adverb, conjunction, article, interjection, etc.

1.The man in the blue shirt sang the song well. 2. The lady is on the stage. 3. Bob is a great builder. 4. Give mom the flowers in the vase tomorrow.

What is a phrase? A group of words that DO NOT have a subject and a verb Adjective and Adverb Phrases: prepositional phrases that function as adj or adv

The boy in the blue shirt is a good football player. The girl ran down the street. The man on the grass jumped over the fence.

What is a clause? A group of words that has a subject and a verb – it can either be an independent or subordinate clause Independent- complete sentence Subordinate- fragment

Independent or Subordinate Clause?? 1. Because she won the race 2. The man gave her red roses.

Put it together! Because she ran the race, the man gave her red roses. What type of sentence is this? simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex

simple: Sue likes shopping. Bill and Bob like fishing and love camping. compound: Bill likes fishing, but Bob prefers camping. Bill likes fishing; Bob prefers camping.

complex: Since Patricia likes to cook, she volunteered to make the cakes. She volunteered to make the cakes because she likes to cook.

compound-complex: Since Patricia likes to cook, she volunteered to make the cakes, but she will not wash the dishes! She volunteered to make the cakes since she likes to cook, but she will not wash the dishes!

There are LOTs of comma rules! You can review all in your textbook, but here are a few examples… appositives: He says football, a common sport in the U.S., is his favorite. (Think: “a common sport in the U.S.” tells about “football”)

Introductory words, common expressions, interrupters: So, do you know who won the race? Bill, I think, was the winner. Have you seen him run, Sam? Well, maybe I saw him last Sunday.

Quotation marks and commas in dialogue: “Do you like sports?” said Bill. “Yes,” replied Sam, “they are awesome!” “Football is my favorite sport,” added Bill. “Me too! We should go to a game soon! I’ll buy the tickets!” exclaimed Sam.

Titles: Use Underline or Italics with major works book, periodical (newspaper, magazine), long poem, play, film, TV series, art, ship, train, spacecraft

Titles that use “quotation marks” These are the titles of things that are a part of or in another source Articles, essays, short stories, short poems, songs, episodes of a TV series, chapters

Colons “and here it is” or “and here they are” The following students need to report to the office: Bill, Bob, Sue, and Fred. 3:00 Matthew 3:26

Semicolons “the furthermore test” I like food; pizza is the best. Bob is a really nice guy; he helped me wash the car. I like cooking; however, washing the dishes is another story!