Chapter 13 Urban Patterns An Introduction to Human Geography The Cultural Landscape, 8e James M. Rubenstein PPT by Abe Goldman

Cities and Urban Geography In /3 of the world lived in a city. Today 1/2 of us live in cities and the number is increasing. Urbanization: the process by which the population of cities grow

Before we get started… 13 City Views From Above above#scpshrjmhhttp://local.msn.com/satellite-city-views-from- above#scpshrjmh What is Urbanization? U8chttps:// U8c Read “The Brown Revolution”

Urban Settlements Urbanization –Increasing urban percentage –Increasing urban populations Defining urban settlements –Social differences between urban and rural settlements –Physical definitions of urban settlements MDC’s: ¾ are urban LDC’s: 2/5 are urban (Latin America is mostly urban though, why?)

Percent Urban Population Fig. 13-1: Percent of the population living in urban areas is usually higher in MDCs than in LDCs.

What is a city? Louis Wirth: “Urban dwellers are different than rural dwellers” Social Differences City characteristics Large size: population High density: Social Heterogeneity Pg. 436

Social Differences Pg. 436 Large size: urban and rural have different social relationships…rural: you know everyone, family, church…urban: cant know everyone, too big, work, services, densely populated residences High density: social consequences > the only way you can make it is to become specialized (become the expert at whatever you do) >>> competition Social Heterogeneity: greater freedoms to do what you want, be different, explore interests, blend in…lower hospitality…lonely These distinctions are blurring in MDC’s

Legal definition: self-governing unit that is independent Urbanized Area: the central city and surrounding built up suburbs (Metro-Atlanta) Metropolitan statistical area: urban area with pop. at least 50,000, including the county it is in, counties around it with also high density that residents work in the city (Atlanta-Roswell- Marietta) Micropolitan statistical area: same thing as metro, but less people, 10,000-50,000 (Birmingham and surrounding suburbs) Overlapping metropolitan area: MSA’s overlap, megalopolis (Bos-Wash)

Historic City Functions Commercial Centers - Fresno, Venice, New York Industrial Cities - Manchester, Detroit, Los Angeles Primary Resources - Scotia, Minas Gerais, Nevada City Resort Cities - Santa Barbara, Las Vegas, Marseille Government / Religious Centers - Monterey, D.C., Brasilia Education Centers - Palo Alto, Berkeley

World Population Growth About 3 billion people, or 50 per cent of the global population, already live in urban areas; over the next 25 years, more than 2 billion people are predicted to be added Source: UN- HABITAT Report 2005; United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects, The 1999 Revision Growth of Urban Agglomerations

Large Cities Fig. 13-2: Cities with 2 million or more people. Most of the largest cities are now in LDCs.

Fastest growing megalopolis in the world - Mexico City, Mexico Urban growth is concentrated in the center of the city Now expands dramatically into surrounding rural areas Growth of a mega city

Las Vegas – Fastest growing metropolitan area in the United States 1973: A small settlement :The landscape is now dramatically modified Images courtesy USGS

Largest World Cities Ten Most Populous Today

Largest World Cities Ten Most Populous by A.D Tokyo 28.7 million 2. Bombay 27.4 million 3. Lagos 24.4 million 4. Shanghai 23.4 million 5. Jakarta 21.2 million 6. São Paulo 20.8 million 7. Karachi 20.6 million 8. Beijing 19.4 million 9. Dhaka, Bangladesh 19.0 million 10. México 18.8 million Source: U.N., 2001 * Note that only one of these cities is in the Core of the more developed world!

Percent Urban by Region Fig. 13-2b: Although under half of the people in most less developed regions are urban, Latin America and the Middle East have urban percentages comparable to MDCs.

Megalopolis Illustrates the difference between strict city proper definitions and broader urban agglomerations. To define urbanized areas, the U.S. Census Bureau uses the term Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) or Consolidated MSA (CMSA) if two of them overlap. Pg. 436 Metropolitan Statistical Area Pg. 437 Overlapping Metropolitan Areas

Megalopolis Fig. 13-4: The Boston–Washington corridor contains about one-quarter of U.S. population.

Reminder: Rank-Size Rule Rank-Size Rule: n th- largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement. In other words, 2nd largest is 1/2 the size of largest. Works best in most developed countries that have full distribution of services.

Primate City Rule Largest settlement in a country has more than twice the number as the second ranking city. These cities tend to represent the perceived culture of the country.

Urban Planning Urban Planning Building Better Cities How to Make a Great City FFamous Planned Cities F Canberra, AustraliaCanberra, Australia F Brasilia, Brazil (Forward capital)Brasilia, Brazil F Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C. F Irvine, CA F Seaside, FLSeaside, FL F Poundbury, EnglandPoundbury, England FSmart Growth F Pedestrian Friendly F Increase Density F Mix Ethnic and Income Groups

Forward (moved) Capital City Brasilia, Brazil