More Amendments And A Little Review AMENDMENTS ALTERING THE PRESIDENCY

First Amendment  Five basic freedoms  Freedoms Speech, Religion, Press, Assembly, and Petition  What are some limits on these freedoms?  Speech: “clear and present danger”  Press: Libel and Slander

Second Amendment  Right to bear arms  Purpose was originally to protect Americans from a tyrannical government  Many developed countries do not give their citizens this right

Third Amendment  Prohibits the government from placing troops in people’s homes without their permission  No “quartering” soldiers

Fourth Amendment  Protects individuals from “unreasonable searches and seizures” by the government  A judge must sign a search warrant before a search can be conducted

Fifth Amendment  A person cannot be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process - legal procedures  Eminent domain - the government’s power to take private property for public use with fair compensation  Double jeopardy - A person cannot be tried for the same crime twice if found innocent  Self-incrimination - A person cannot be forced to say things that will be used against him or her. A person does not have to testify in court.

Sixth Amendment  The right to…  A jury trial in criminal cases  Fair trial  Impartial jury  Public trial  An attorney  Be told of the charges against you

Seventh Amendment  Right to a jury trial in civil cases  Such as… car accidents, contract disagreements, discrimination in employment

Eighth Amendment  Bans cruel and unusual punishment  Bans excessive bail

Ninth Amendment  American citizens have more rights than what is actually listed in the Bill of Right  A safety net for the rights of American citizens

Tenth Amendment  All powers not specifically given to the federal government are reserved to the state governments  Federalism- power is divided between the federal and state governments

13 th, 14 th, 15 th  13 th - Bans slavery and involuntary servitude  14 th - Says that all persons born or naturalized in the US are US citizens. Says that STATES cannot deprive people of due process or equal protection of the laws.  15 th - Says that the right to vote cannot be denied on the basis of race Civil War/Reconstruction Amendments

16 th, 17 th, 18 th, 19 th  16 th - Created a progressive/graduated income tax  17 th - Established the direct election of US Senators  18 th - Banned the production, sale, and import of alcohol  19 th - The right to vote cannot be denied on the basis of sex Progressive Era Amendments

Good job! Now to the next set!

Amendments Altering the Presidency  Five amendments have modified the Executive branch  12, 20, 22, 23, 25

Amendment XII (12)  The original Constitution stated that the candidate who receives the most electoral votes becomes President and the runner-up becomes Vice President. How could this be troublesome?  Amendment XII allows the political parties to nominate their own candidates for President and Vice President  It also says that if neither candidate reaches 270 electoral votes, the House of Representatives would choose the President

Amendment XX (20)  Originally, March 4 th was the date for the new President to take office.  The 20 th Amendment changed this date to January 20 th due to changes in transportation and communication  The goal was to put an end to the “lame duck” President.  What was going on that led to the ratification of this amendment at this specific time in history?

Amendment XXII (22)  The original Constitution said nothinggggg about limiting the terms of the President  Washington left after two terms which set a precedent that was followed until 1940  The 22 nd Amendment limits Presidents to two full terms in office  However, it is possible for a President to serve 10 years

Amendment XXIII (23)  When D.C. was first established as the capital, it was thought of as a temporary residence for government employees so residents were not given the right to vote as residents of Washington D.C.  The 23 rd Amendment gave D.C. residents the right to vote for President  They have three electoral votes

Amendment XXV (25)  If the President dies while in office, the VP takes over, but who becomes VP? The original Constitution didn’t say.  The 25 th Amendment clarified what happens upon the death, removal, or resignation of the President or Vice President.  When the VP becomes President he/she chooses someone to be VP, with the approval of Congress.  Also states that if the President cannot perform his/her duties, the VP takes over those duties as acting President

 The change to direct election of senators, the lowering of the voting age to 18, and the establishment of a two- term limit for presidents are all examples of the use of… a. Judicial Review b. Checks and Balances c. Executive Privilege d. The Amendment Process Which governmental practice established under the unwritten constitution was later included in the written Constitution by an amendment? a.Appointing members of the Presidents Cabinet b.Limiting the President’s time in office to two terms c.Exercising Judicial Review d.Holding political party conventions

Questions  Name TWO amendments that changed the office of the Presidency. Then describe ONE provision (part) of each amendment that altered the Presidency.  Of the five amendments altering the Presidency, which would you rank as most important? EXPLAIN your answer.