Japan Modernizes Chapter 12: Section 2 By: Taylor, Amanda, Kathryn, & Casey

Japan Ends its Isolation Admired Germany;s army and the strong centralized government and used its constitution as a model for their own Imitated Germany’s army and the skill of the British navy Japan adopted the American system of universal public education and required that all Japanese children attend school. Their teachers often included foreign experts Students could study abroad Japanese built its first railroad in 1872, it connected from Tokyo, with the port of Yokohama, 20 miles to the sout Almost no contact with industrialized world during time of isolation Westerners tried to convince Japanese to open ports to trade Treaty of Kanawaga- signed in 1854, stated that Japan opened two ports at which American ships could take on supplies.. Allowed U.S. to set up embassy in Japan Meiji Reign- feared he was losing the country 15 when he took over, and he reigned for 45 years Feudal lords realized the private ownership of land prevented the entire country from benefiting from it One of the first acts of the Meiji era was that they gave their land to the emperor Meiji

China Both Japan China Japan Remains committed to traditional values Loses numerous territorial conflicts Grants other nation spheres of influence within China Finally accepts necessity for reform Have well-established traditional values Initially resist change Oppose Western imperialism Considers modernization to be necessary Borrow and adapts Western ways Strengthens its economic and military power Becomes an empire builder China Japan

Japanese Imperialism Grows Japan became strongest military power in Asia Forced Korea to open 3 ports to Japanese trade China also considered Korea to be an important trading partner Recognizing their similar interest Korea, Japan, and China signed a hands-off agreement; both countries pledged that they would not send their armies into Korea In June 1894 China broke agreement Chinese troops marched into Korea Japan protested and send its troops to Korea to fights the Chinese The Sino-Japanese war began Japan drove china out of Korea, destroyed the Chinese army, and had begun taking over Manchuria In 1895 China and Japan signed a peace treaty. Treaty gave Japan its first colonies Taiwan and Pescadores Islands

Japanese Imperialism Grows Russo-Japanese Ward Japanese victory changed the balance of power; Russia and Japan emerged as major powers and enemies Russia and Japan went to war over Manchuria, which was under Chinese rule In 1903, Japan offered to recognize Russia’s rights in Manchuria if the Russians would agree to stay out of Korea. Russians refused In 1904, Japan launched a surprise attack. It struck at the Russian navy, which was anchored off the coast of Manchuria Russo-Japanese War- Japan drove Russian troops out of Korea. Japan won brutal land battles and capture most of Russia’s Pacific fleet. It also ruined Russ’s Baltic fleet Treaty of Portsmouth gave japn the captures territories. Forces Russia out of Korea Korea under Japanese Occupation Japan shut down Korean newspapers and took over schools. They replaced the study of Korea to Japan. Took away Korean farm land and gave it to Japanese settlers