World War I: (pgs , ) By: Paul Micevych

People George V – King of Britain – Traveled to India in 1911-first ever appearance of a British monarch in the colony Bal Gangadhar Tilak ( ) – Indian Leader calling for self rule in India Muhammad Ali – Albanian general who was dispatched by the Ottomans in 1805 – Established Egypt’s Independence from the Ottoman Empire Young Turks – A group of progressive army officers and liberal professionals who seized control of the government under the sultan Archduke Franz Ferdinand – Heir to Austro-Hungarian Throne – Assassinated by a Serbian nationalist, outraged by Austro-Hungary’s seizing of Balkan territories that had heavy Serbian populations

People (Continued) V.I. Lenin – Headed the Bolshevik communist revolutionary government that promoted Russia’s exit from the war (Supported by the Germans) Colonel T.E. Lawrence (“Lawrence of Arabia”) – British colonel who organized the Arab revolt against the Turks of the Ottoman Empire Arthur Zimmerman – Germany’s Foreign Minister (1917) who issued a secret telegram instructing the German ambassador in Mexico to re-conquer its lost territory in Texas, New Mexico and Arizona----prompting the U.S. to enter the war Woodrow Wilson – President of United States, created 14 Points Speech calling for self- determination

Terms “Sick Man of Europe” – Name for Ottoman Empire because of its gradual disintegration Central Powers – Germany, Austro-Hungary and Ottoman Empire Allied Powers (Allies) – British, French, Russians Attack methods included going “Over the Top” of trenches Duma – Russian Parliament Zimmerman Telegram – Telegram sent from Germany’s foreign minister intercepted by U.S, prompting Americas’ entrance into WWI. – Telling Mexico to ally Germany and re-gain its “lost territory” 14 Points Speech – Spoken by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson – Promoted Self-Determination Autonomy and sovereignty for colonial countries Inspired many colonies to desire independence

Terms (Continued) Balfour Declaration (1917) – British promised Jews “the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people,” once the Jews rebelled against the Ottoman Empire, but never did – The British also promised the Arabs that they could peacefully live in Palestine, but these two needs were not compatible Treaty of Versailles (1919) – Peace treaty ending WWII, putting the blame on Germany, forcing them to pay war reparations and feel humiliated League of Nations – Created to reduce future disputes and prevent warfare by International cooperation, but was unsuccessful because: World power U.S. did not join Failed to resolved conflicts regarding anti-colonialism Had no armed forces Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) – Agreement among nations (through League of Nations) to settle disputes without warfare, but failed

Events Darbar – A royal convocation in Delhi where King George V traveled to India (First Ever Appearance of British Monarch in India) to assert Britain's dominance over India Indian leaders, such as Tilak, called for Self Rule In 1908, the Young Turks seized control over the Ottoman Empire – The empire lost much land in this era (Bulgaria, Greece, Bosnia) In 1914, the Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia after the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, triggering domino effect, entering each of the major European powers of the war in 1 week Battle of Marne River – In northeastern France, the battle was fought to a draw Germans defeated Russia on the eastern front numerous times because of ill- equipped/fed soldiers – Battles at Tannenburg and Masurian Lake – Russia suffered brutal losses in the war – Russia pulled out of the war in 1917

Events (Continued) British and French forces seized German colonies in Africa (Togo, Cameroon, SW Africa and Tanzania) Japan (ally of Britain) declared war on Germany in 1914 Sinking of Lusitania and Zimmerman telegram caused the U.S. to enter WWI in 1917, declaring war on Germany – U.S. entrance into the war secured an ally victory 1917 Balfour declaration The war ended in 1918 as Germany sought an armistice – Treaty of Versailles concluded the war, leaving Germany humiliated The League of Nations was created in 1920, to peacefully resolve economic conflicts, but failed due to a number of reasons 1928 Kellogg Briand Pact