AP Biology Discussion Notes Monday 12/08/2014

Goals for the Day Be able to write a chemical equation for photosynthesis (and understand its complexities) Be able to describe the two parts of photosynthesis Be able to describe the importance of the photosynthetic process.

Question of the Day 12/08 What is the difference between Heterotrophs & Autotrophs? Give examples of each.

Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs

Photoautotrophs (b) Multicellular alga (a) Plants (d) Cyanobacteria Figure 10.2 Photoautotrophs (b) Multicellular alga (a) Plants Figure 10.2 Photoautotrophs. Most autotrophs (that we know of) – some can do chemosynthesis (d) Cyanobacteria 40 m (c) Unicellular protists 10 m (e) Purple sulfur bacteria 1 m 5

The MIRACLE OF LIFE! Inorganic Organic Photosynthesis _________ energy ________energy Is this important? The MIRACLE OF LIFE! Inorganic Organic

Fossil Fuel What is a fossil & what does “fossil” fuel mean? Is this a renewable resource? Where did the chemical energy in fossil fuels originally come from?

Alternative BioFuels What alternative biofuels do you know of?

Alternative BioFuels

What major plant part is responsible for photosynthesis? Mesophyll cell (inner leaf) may have 30-40 chloroplasts in each Cell!

Where did chloroplasts come from? (What theory is this?) What evidence is there for that? What kind of cells have chloroplasts? Plants & some protists!

The Mighty Chloroplast Organization of the chloroplast is important - emergent properties come with increased organization – chloroplast with its double membrane may actually be more efficient then original prokaryotic cell

The Skeleton of a Chloroplast

Membranes allow cells to do what? Movement in/Out ORGANIZATION Build a Gradient DO WORK Organize and do work-by setting up/establishing a concentration gradient.

SUMMARY Chemical Equation for Photosynthesis CO2 + H2O  C6H12O6 + O2 Show simplified reaction, and balance it again

Van Niel – 1930s Studies mechanism of photosynthesis in bacteria that do not produce Oxygen. Wanted to know where the Oxygen produced in Photosynthesis comes from.

Van Niel – 1930s CO2 + 2H2S  [CH2O] + H2O+2S Studies mechanism of photosynthesis in bacteria that do not produce Oxygen. CO2 + 2H2S  [CH2O] + H2O+2S

Van Niel – 1930s CO2 + 2H2S  [CH2O] + H2O+2S So where must the oxygen come from? CO2 + 2H2S  [CH2O] + H2O+2S

Reactants: Products: 6 CO2 6 H2O 6 O2 12 H2O C6H12O6 Figure 10.5 Figure 10.5 Tracking atoms through photosynthesis. 20

Photosynthesis in 2 Stages Light reactions (light dependent reactions) – done in the thylakoid membranes Calvin Cycle (light Independent reactions) Done in the stroma Light - photo part Calvin – synthesis part

Light Reactions Light + H2O  NADPH + ATP + O2 Water supplies Electrons and Hydrogen ions that will power chemiosmosis and Phosyphorylation of ADP to ATP.

Calvin Cycle CO2 Carbohydrate Recycles ADP/NADP+ The MIRACLE OF LIFE! Inorganic Organic

H2O Light NADP ADP + P i Light Reactions Chloroplast Figure 10.6-1 Figure 10.6 An overview of photosynthesis: cooperation of the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. Chloroplast 24

H2O Light NADP ADP + P i Light Reactions ATP NADPH Chloroplast O2 Figure 10.6-2 H2O Light NADP ADP + P i Light Reactions ATP Figure 10.6 An overview of photosynthesis: cooperation of the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. NADPH Chloroplast O2 25

Calvin Cycle Light Reactions Figure 10.6-3 H2O CO2 Light NADP ADP + P i Calvin Cycle Light Reactions ATP Figure 10.6 An overview of photosynthesis: cooperation of the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. NADPH Chloroplast O2 26

Calvin Cycle Light Reactions [CH2O] (sugar) Figure 10.6-4 H2O CO2 Light NADP ADP + P i Calvin Cycle Light Reactions ATP Figure 10.6 An overview of photosynthesis: cooperation of the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. NADPH Chloroplast [CH2O] (sugar) O2 27

Reading Assignment Already started Chapter 10 Notes Start on page 192 Think about what you are doing! Draw figures Read and then summarize Leave yourself room to add information

Business Turn in: CELL RESPIRATION LAB Finish 10.2 Notes (through 197) for tomorrow Know that we will take notes through 10.3, so if you prefer to read that at home or want to start doing that GO RIGHT AHEAD!

Species of the day 12/08 Volvox (Algae) -Volvox carteri http://www.jgi.doe.gov/News/news_10_07_09.html

Species of the day 12/08 Volvox (Algae) -Volvox carteri Does this photosynthetic Algae still need to do Cellular Respiration? Explain http://www.jgi.doe.gov/News/news_10_07_09.html