EPP-ED Hearing on Higher Education ”From the Bologna Process to Educational Governance in the EU?” Efficiency of Student Mobility: Is the Bologna Process an Obstacle or an Iniciation? Dr. Ute Lanzendorf

Overview 1.Mobility and the Bologna Process – the Status Quo 2. Concerns 3.Mobility Flows Adapting to the Bologna Degree Structure – Expectations 4.Conclusion 5.Additional Information Needs

Mobility and Bologna – the Status Quo Mobility of staff, students and graduates is one of the core elements of the Bologna process The two-tiered degree structure is spreading, but students in traditional programmes do still account for about half of beginning students Internationally comparative statistics on mobility in Bacherlor‘s and Master‘s programmes do not (yet) exist

The Status Quo of Student Mobility Temporary mobility (ERASMUS) and also degree mobiliy into the Bologna Member countries continue to increase In Europe, there are currently - about degree students from outside Europe - about degree students from other European countries (EU-15) ERASMUS students (2006/07, up by 15 % in comparison to 2003/04)

Concerns Shortened standard periods of study will lead to a decrease in outgoing mobility (% (totally) agree) The curricula are too dense for going temporarily abroad (% (totally) agree) Source: Bürger et al. 2006, p. 27f.

Mobility Flows Adapting - Expectations Apart from the two-tiered degree structure, relevant factors are: -the increasing global demand for higher education -English language programmes in Europe -tuition fees … Degree Mobility BAMA Incoming from outside Europe ?++ Outgoing to non- European countries ?(+) Within Europe(+)+(+)

Mobility Flows Adapting – Expectations (II) Temporary mobility (ERASMUS) will probably change some of its characteristics  Its average duration is likely to decrease especially at the Bachelor‘s level  Student mobility is likely to concentrate on the Master‘s level Integrated curricula, recognition, counselling and teacher mobility are relevant factors for increasing temporary student mobility In general, the number of graduates with more than one mobility experience is likely to increase

Conclusion The impact of the tiered degree structure on mobility will vary by country and subject area It can be assumed to be highest with respect to intra-European and incoming degree mobility at Master‘s level With respect to temporary mobility, the impact of the tiered degree structure depends on the priority given to Europeanisation in the process of implementing reform “The new study structures have no negative impact on student mobility but also no positive impacts per se. It is necessary to pay more attention to the accompanying measures. Curricular integration of study abroad and improved recognition are the corner stones to assure and increase student mobility.” (Bürger et al. 2006)

Data Needed for Monitoring the Impact of Bologna The international data collection standard (ISCED) should be adapted Statistical information on temporary mobility outside ERASMUS should be improved The EURODATA II project (ACA) envisages to compile available statistical information and provide recommendations on how to close data gaps International data on recognition and study programmes with compulsory study abroad/joint degrees should be improved