The World of Islam Chapter 26

The Ottoman Empire

Fall of the Byzantine Empire By the 1400’s the Byzantine Empire was failing The Ottomans, a nomadic group, migrated into this region and conquered Constantinople, the Byzantine capital Constantinople was renamed Istanbul By the 1500’s the Ottomans had created the largest empire in the Middle East and Europe

Ottoman Empire

Great Ottoman Sultans Sultan – Arabic word for Strength or Power Osman I – – Ottoman Empire named after him Mehmed II – – Ruled twice & Conquered Constantinople Suleyman I – – Longest ruling Sultan

Mehmed II FATİH (The Conqueror)Mehmed II –Conquered Constantinople in 1453Conquered Constantinople –Converted Hagia Sofia, Christian Church into Muslim Mosque Suleyman I MUHTEŞEM (The Magnificent) or KANÛNÎ (The Lawgiver) –Find 5 Accomplishments in the textbook

The Ottomans were: Turkish (capital Istanbul) Muslim The largest empire in the world

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Government Empire reigned 600 years, until end WWI Sultan – led with absolute power Men of the Pen – lawyers, scientists, doctors  education was valued! Men of the Sword – military leaders  skilled strategists!

What was the source of Ottoman power?

1. Control of Trade Location on the east/west trade route Control of the Waterways

2. Wealth from trade

3. Superior technology (the benefit of diffusion)

Five Ottoman Strengths: 1. Respected people they conquered (millett) 2. Fearless army 3. Always improved technology 4. Control Trade 5. Strong Leaders

Ottoman Strengths #1: Control of trade Europeans broke this strength by going around Africa and gaining control of trade.

Ottoman Strength #2: Wealth Discovery of the New World leads to fantastic wealth for Europe from Aztec and Inca gold and silver.

Ottoman Strength #3: Technology The industrial revolution surpassed the Ottoman superiority in technology especially in production of guns and munitions and other products necessary for war.

The Empire Ends Three reasons:

1. Nationalism: People ruled by the Ottomans wanted independence. Europeans: Serbs, Croats, Bulgarians, Greeks. Arabs

2. European Imperialism: Industrial revolution caused a need for raw materials European industries wanted new markets Large navies developed by Europe to control trade

3. Competition between European nations led to WWI in 1914

The Ottomans sided with Germany and lost.

The Arab territories were divided up between Great Britain and France.

Turkey became a republic

The Balfour Declaration Great Britain promised the same land to the Jews and the Palestinian Arabs.

The Balfour Declaration Great Britain promised the same land to the Jews and the Palestinian Arabs. Setting the stage: GB: land to wealthy Arabs in cities  wealthy Arabs sold land to wealthy Jews migrating to Europe  Many Arab peasants left homeless  Palestinian resentment/conflict

Processing Activity Using your notes, summarize the history of the Ottoman Empire. What empire did they conquer? What gave them their strength? How did they end? How did the end of the empire set the stage for the modern Israeli conflict?

p. 580 Patterns of Life Village Life (3) Set up near… Nomadic Life (3) Why conflict w/ gov’ts? “people of the tent” were… City Life (2) Protected by… Family Life (3) Patriarchal: Men #wives: Lives of Women (3) Expectations w/I homes

Homework ? *Complete 26.3 chart

Patterns of Life – page 580 Village 1.sheep and goats 2.Setup near water (river, oasis, coast, lake) 3.Farming – wheat olives 4.Men and women, specialize jobs Nomadic 1.Moved from oasis to oasis 2.Lived with few resources 3.Fights all the time 4. known and Bedouins* City 1.Protected by high walls 2. many cities developed 3.suq (markets) 4. mosque Family (more important than individual) 1.Patriarchal – controlled or ruled by men/ Matriarchal- women 2. Arranged marriage 3. Divorce easier for men (3 times) 4. Men can have 4 wives- provide equally 5.Children must obey their parents Women Had to obey fathers -> husband -> oldest son (Subordinate) Modest and secluded within home Wore certain clothing- veiled face (custom from India) Education Right to own property Conclusion Page 583 1, 3, 4, 5