SESSION 2: SETTING PRIORITIES – SITUATION ANALYSIS

Phase 2. Priority setting and validation

Phase 2. Setting priorities What: identify strategic areas where FAO should focus its support to the country - Priority Matrix How:  Situation Analysis – scope (background work; focus)  Assessment of Comparative Advantages – new SF/RF  Prioritization – focus – fewer number of priorities and outcomes Principles: Alignment Complementarity/synerg y Strategic direction Strategic component of CPF document

PARALLEL WITH UNDAF: Country analysis for UNDAF WHAT’S NEW? COUNTRY ANALYSIS – The Common Country Assessment (CCA) is no longer mandatory (FAO supported this change) and the UNCT can choose among 3 options:  Contribute to government-led analysis  Support targeted studies  Full CCA

CPF prioritization process Key challenges Strategic areas for FAO intervention CPF Priority areas Underlying cause/effects for specific challenges CPF Outcomes & outputs Priority Matrix Results Matrix Situation analysis Comparative Advantage assessment & Option Analysis Priorities Stakeholders Capacity

… identification of CHALLENGES (WHAT, HOW and WHO) Key challenges Strategic areas for FAO intervention CPF Priority areas Underlying cause/effects for specific challenges CPF Outcomes & outputs

Main elements of Situation Analysis – key questions? National context – main social and economic development challenges and opportunities with implication for agriculture sector and livelihoods Situation and outlook for FS,A, RD – current situation, trends – issues, challenges, opportunities Policy environment - National sector priorities, policies, strategies and programmes addressing the challenges and opportunities National stakeholders and capacity needs at policy, organizational and individual level Data and monitoring mechanism to measure progress ! Consideration to UN principles

Some more details (handout)

National context – what, how and who ? WHAT: Macro trends and challenges TIPS Economy 1.Positioning of the country (low income, etc.), food deficit country, general trends of the economy (GDP, employment, budget situation, indebtness, exchange rates and trade). 1.Sectoral performance and trends (GDP, employment rates, agricultural trade, main trade partners, etc) Demography Trends in population, urban/rural, by gender and age, migrations, etc. Institutions and governance Government stability, line agricultural ministries, structure of the agricultural sector (dual, smallholders vs large scale farms, representativity of farmers, land tenure, etc.), national capacities Technology ICT, R&D, level of absorption and potential Risk assessment Sources and frequency of risks. Coping mechanisms. How well is the country equiped to address risks. SWOT table

Capacity Assessment – building block See: CPF tool 3. pg5 10 DimensionsCapacity areas Policy enabling Environment Policy and legal frameworks Economic framework and national public sector budget... International political commitments Organizations (public, private, CSO…) Which ministries are involved? Technical capacity? Is institutional knowledge sufficient in Agriculture and rural development? Practical experience? Individuals Skills levels (what skills are found in ARD sector, opportunities for their better preparation, …)

Policy context: what, how and who? WHAT: Policy context TIPS Development plans Identification of rel. nat. programing frameworks and plans (including UNDAF) identification of rel. dev. objectives and priorities of countries; Analyse consistency with challenges identify possible gaps; identify country priorities relevant to FAO mandated areas Policy decisions Review policy decisions (FAPDA), analyse their overall consistency with the development objectives, identify gaps International committments Including FAO Mapping of country priorities

Activity 1: Review of a country example 1.Review of a the situation analysis (pg. 4-8) 2.Assess to what extent the elements are addressed ? See CPF guide for the main elements (Pg: 48) (other ref. materials: Handout on Situation analysis)

Group work (15’ minutes) Task: Review section on Situation analysis (pg. 4-8) taking into consideration the main elements presented in the CPF guide (Pg. 48) Verify if the following is presented: … main challenges?... strategies and policies addressing those challenges?...Stakeholders and its capacities ? …UN principles are given sufficient consideration ?

Day 2 – Session 2: Comparative advantages

How do we prioritize our challenges?

Plenary discussion – RECAP on prioritization criteria How to ensure strategic focus – i.e. prioritize at the country level ? “If the government asked (DEMAND) FAO to work on 20 priorities, how would you prioritize?

 Preferably emerge from a dialogue with the national stakeholders  Not imposed, yet some suggested for consideration La haute prioritè – key strategic areas 2.High priority, although low likelihood for RM 3.La priorite moderèe – not Gvt priority 4.La basse prioritè – no CA, no capacity Enabling conditions and capacities for achieving the results Likelihood of sustainability Ability to produce the highest level of impact Contribution to the MDGs/IADGs Prioritization process – Criteria

See CPF Guide Pg. 33

CPF priority matrix – reflects the key prioritization criteria CPF prioritiesRelevant national priorities FAO Regiona/Subre gional priorities Relevant UNDAF priorities Other nationa/region al frameworks CPF priority 1…

Zooming into the comparative advantages

Comparative Advantages Mandate to act Global Goals Strategic Objectives and ORs Core functions KEY QUESTIONS? Does it contribute FAO global goals? Does it fall under the areas that the members want FAO to focus on SO and ORs that FAO committed to achieve? Does it require application of FAOs core functions which are recognized FAO comparative advantages?

Core functions Monitoring and assessment of long-term and medium term perspectives Development of international instruments, norms and standards Policy, strategy options and advice Technical support to promote technology transfer and capacity building Advocacy and communication Interdisciplinarity and innovation Partnership and alliances Information and knowledge management

Phase 2 – Setting priorities Comparative advantages Actual comparative advantages Mandate to act Capacity to deliver Global goals Strategic objectives and ORs Core Functions Resources Influence Partnership

Comparative advantages Actual CA at country level Mandate to act Capacity to act Position to act FAO Global Goals FAO Strategic Objectives/ORs Core Functions Resources Influence Partnerships Revealed CA Perceived CA Gaps Tip: Use this methodology and results to discuss comparative advantages with UNCT in UNDAF process

Assessing FAO positioning in the country – Portfolio review To assess FAO positioning in the country, identify areas of performance and draw forward looking lessons on how to improve FAO delivery in country.

Main elements FAO Portfolio analysis : analysis of the information on the status and evolution/ trend of FAO portfolio. ( number of projects, amount of budget, delivery, breakdown by source of funds, by resources partners). (from FPMIS) Analysis of the FAO performance in terms of status of implementation and achievements of expected key results of the completed and on-going projects, lessons learned. (from progress reports, evaluation reports). Comparison vs other partners involved in the same areas of intervention of FAO : size and type and performance of FAO intervention vs other partners ) (from ADAM – resource partners matrix, profiles, government reports, partners reports, other) – Partners feed back on FAO country performance (surveys, external country assessment)

FPMIS Charts Ethiopia Historical

FPMIS Charts

FPMIS Delivery by Sector

Back to Priority matrix and validation process

CPF priority matrix – template CPF prioritiesRelevant national priorities FAO Regiona/Subre gional priorities Relevant UNDAF priorities Other nationa/region al frameworks CPF priority 1…

Examples provided on the reference desk

Day 2 - Session 2b: Causes and effects analysis

CAUSES EFFECTS Problem Focal Developing a problem tree Turning the problem into a positive statement can give the outcome or impact Addressing the causes can identify possible outputs and activities Addressing the effects identifies possible indicators But why? So what

Challenge: High prevalence of food insecurity Poor capacity of extension Workers Poor capacity of extension Workers Policy and legal framework Budgetary allocations Policy and legal framework Budgetary allocations Poor agricultural production and productivity Skills level of extension staff Dependency on rain fed cultivation Inefficient irrigation system Policy enabling environment Organizations Individuals Operational capacity of ext. units Situation analysis KEY MESSAGES BUT Why ? BUT Why ? Food availability

Increased Agricultural Productivity Build capacity of Extension Workers Reduce Soil Erosion Support Evidence Based Policy Build Knowledge of Farmers on Marketing Provide Access to Finance Increase Access to Value Chains and Technologies Land Tenure Regularization Improve Statistics System Inject into Govt. Revenue Alignment and strategic fit? FAO comparative advantages ? Alignment and strategic fit? FAO comparative advantages ? Use objective criteria to analyse which objectives ‘root’ to prioritise Options Analysis - key criteria 36 Relevance Feasibility Sustainability Technical feasibility and logical fit Staff and financial capacity? Potential to mobilize the resources Technical feasibility and logical fit Staff and financial capacity? Potential to mobilize the resources GOV WB GTZ SMART

Assessing the coherance between needs and CPF results

Group Activity 6. Application of the problem and objective tree and options analysis Task: Assess coherence between the identified problems in the situation analysis and the presented outcomes/outputs in the CPF results matrix and provide evidence of your assessment. → Key message: Assure coherence between the situation analysis and the identified CPF results

Formulating Results Chain 39 Objectives Selected after Prioritisation Refined Results Chain Increased Agricultural Productivity CPF Outcome 1: Smallholder Commercialization Programme (SCP) is supported to improve productivity and processing Build Capacity of Extension Workers Output 1.1 Technical capacity of the agriculture sector staff at central and district level is strengthened. Improve Statistics System Output 1.2 A system for the collection, analysis and use of agricultural statistics (including fisheries, livestock, land and forestry) for policy making is improved. Increase Access to Value Chains and Technologies Output 1.3 Access to agro-services and value chain development improved Build Knowledge of Farmers on Marketing Output 1.4 Farmers know how for processing and marketing of agricultural and fisheries/aquaculture products is improved