Welcome to the World of Chemistry and Matter

What is Chemistry all About? Chemistry is the study of the composition/properties of matter the changes that matter undergoes.

What is matter? Anything that has mass and takes up space Made of atoms (we will study these later)

Measuring Matter Matter is measured in two ways Mass Volume

What is mass? Mass is the amount of living and nonliving material that makes up an object Suitcase A Suitcase B

What is volume? Volume is the amount of space an object takes up

Sort the words below.. matter/not matter cat bicycle air fungi cork water flower metal soil lemonade tree sunlight cell bacteria gold sound rock oxygen wooden chair gravity leather shoes bird paper book cheetah matter/not matter

Branches of Chemistry Branches include: Several career opportunities Organic Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Biochemistry Physical Chemistry Analytical Chemistry Several career opportunities Also used in many other jobs

The Feces Angle: To understand the difference between the different branches of chemistry we are going to use the feces angle: 5 chemists from each of the 5 branches of chemistry are out hiking the Appalachian trail on a cold day. They come upon some fresh, steaming scat. Did it come from a rabbit? A deer? A bear?! What will a chemist from each branch determine about the scat?

1. Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry: study of matter that contains carbon Organic chemists study the structure, function, synthesis, and identity of carbon compounds Common Careers: petroleum industry, pharmaceuticals (medicine), polymers (plastics), food Feces Angle: The organic chemist would take a sample of scat and test it (NMR and IR tests) to see if the animal was a vegetarian or carnivore based on the various degraded foods present in the scat.

2. Inorganic Chemistry Inorganic chemistry: study of matter that does NOT contain carbon Inorganic chemists study the structure, function, synthesis, and identity of non-carbon compounds Many inorganic chemicals are found in nonliving things, such as rocks. Common Careers: Polymers (plastics), Metallurgy Feces Angle: The inorganic chemist would take a sample of scat and figure out if it is an acid (like vinegar) or a base (like lye) by dropping into a pH indicator liquid.

3. Biochemistry Biochemistry: the study of chemistry in living things Cross between biology and chemistry Common Careers: Pharmaceuticals (medicine), genetics, oncologist (research cancer) Feces Angle: A biochemist would take a sample of scat and test it to see if the animal was infected with any kinds of worms or other intestinal parasites. This chemist would also tell you how well the animal was digesting his food.

HONK if you passed p-chem 4. Physical Chemistry Physical Chemistry: the study of the changes in energy that happen to matter Relies on a lot of physics and math deals with the mechanism, the rate, and the energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change. Much of p-chem is computational Develop theoretical ideas for new compounds Feces Angle: The physical chemist might take the results that the organic chemist found and get more information about the degraded food. The physical chemist would not touch the scat! HONK if you passed p-chem

5. Analytical Chemistry Analytical Chemistry: study of high precision measurement to find composition and identity of chemicals Common Careers: Forensics, quality control, medical tests Feces Angle: The analytical chemist would take a sample of scat and calculate if the animal was drinking clean or polluted water based on the levels of pollution chemicals in the feces. This chemist would also tell you the quantities of everything that is in the scat.

The Language of Chemistry ELEMENTS- pure substances that cannot be broken down by ordinary means to other substances. Aluminum Bromine Sodium

The Language of Chemistry The elements, their names, and symbols are given on the PERIODIC TABLE How many elements are there? 118 elements have been identified 82 elements occur naturally on Earth Examples: gold, aluminum, lead, oxygen, carbon 35 elements have been created by scientists Examples: technetium, americium, seaborgium

The Periodic Table Dmitri Mendeleev (1834 - 1907)

Glenn Seaborg (1912-1999) Discovered 8 new elements. Only living person for whom an element was named.

Periodic Table Activity Since the periodic table is like the alphabet and we use the “letters” (atoms) to form words (“molecules”) let’s start with some practice. Make some words out of the symbols from the periodic table. Try to make the longest words you can think of. There is a prize for the longest word and the most words. Examples: He + At = HeAt S+ U + P + Er = SUPEr