Lecturer’s desk Physics- atmospheric Sciences (PAS) - Room 201 s c r e e n Row A Row B Row C Row D Row E Row F Row G Row H Row A Row B Row C Row D Row E Row F Row G Row H table Row A Row B Row C Row D Row E Row F Row G Row H Row J Row K Row L Row M Row N Row P Row J Row K Row L Row M Row N Row P Row Q table

MGMT 276: Statistical Inference in Management Fall 2015

We’ll be starting this next week

Name Major phone # Announcements

By the end of lecture today 9/3/15 Use this as your study guide Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio Field observation/naturalistic research Surveys and questionnaire design Random versus non-random sampling techniques Questionnaire design and evaluation

Talking or whispering to your neighbor can be a problem for us – please consider writing short notes. More information on how to register clicker soon A note on doodling Remember bring your writing assignment forms notebook and clickers to each lecture

Homework due- (Thursday, September 10 th ) On class website: please print and complete homework worksheet #2 & 3 We’ll be using this for a writing assignment on Thursday

Just for Fun Assignments Go to D2L - Click on “Content” Click on “Interactive Online Just-for-fun Assignments” Complete Assignments 1 – 7 Please note: These are not worth any class points and are different from the required homeworks

Schedule of readings Before next exam: Please read Chapters in OpenStax Supplemental reading (Appendix D) Supplemental reading (Appendix E) Supplemental reading (Appendix F) Please read Chapters 1, 5, 6 and 13 in Plous Chapter 1: Selective Perception Chapter 5: Plasticity Chapter 6: Effects of Question Wording and Framing Chapter 13: Anchoring and Adjustment

Measurement: observable actions Theoretical constructs: concepts (like “humor” or “satisfaction”) So far, Operational definitions Validity and reliability Independent and dependent variable Random assignment and Random sampling Within-participant and between-participant design Single blind (placebo) and double blind procedures Discrete versus continuous variables

Categorical data (also called qualitative data) - a set of observations where any single observation is a word or a number that represents a class or category Categorical versus Numerical data Numerical data (also called quantitative data) - a set of observations where any single observation is a number that represents an amount or count

Gender - male or female Handedness - right handed or left handed Family size Ethnic group Temperature (Fahrenheit) Age (Time since birth) Yearly salary Hair color GPA Breed of dog Categorical data (also called qualitative data) - a set of observations where any single observation is a word or a number that represents a class or category Numerical data (also called quantitative data) - a set of observations where any single observation is a number that represents an amount or count Please note this is a binary variable Temperature (Kelvin)

On a the top half of a writing assignment form please generate two examples of categorical data and two examples of numerical data Categorical data (also called qualitative data) - a set of observations where any single observation is a word or a number that represents a class or category Numerical data (also called quantitative data) - a set of observations where any single observation is a number that represents an amount or count Please note we’ll use the bottom half for something else

What are the four “levels of measurement”? Interval data - measurable differences in amount, equal intervals Ordinal data - order, rankings, differences in degree Ratio data - measurable differences in amount with a “true zero” Categorical data Numerical data Nominal data - classification, differences in kind, names of categories

What are the four “levels of measurement”? Nominal Ordinal Interval Ratio Names Categories Least numeric Weakest Names Categories Intrinsic ordering Approaching Numeric Categories Intrinsic ordering Equal sized intervals Units meaningful Most numeric Absolute zero

What are the four “levels of measurement”? Interval data - measurable differences in amount, equal intervals Ordinal data - order, rankings, differences in degree Ratio data - measurable differences in amount with a “true zero” Nominal data - classification, differences in kind, names of categories Gender - male or female Handedness - right handed or left handed Family size Jersey number Place in a foot race (1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd, etc) Categorical data Numerical data

What are the four “levels of measurement”? Interval data - measurable differences in amount, equal intervals Ordinal data - order, rankings, differences in degree Ratio data - measurable differences in amount with a “true zero” Nominal data - classification, differences in kind, names of categories Ethnic group Temperature Age Yearly salary Hair color Breed of dog Telephone number Categorical data Numerical data

Please note : page 29 in text

What are the four “levels of measurement”? Interval data - measurable differences in amount, equal intervals Ordinal data - order, rankings, differences in degree Ratio data - measurable differences in amount with a “true zero” Look at your examples of qualitative and quantitative data. Which levels of measurement are they? Nominal data - classification, differences in kind, names of categories Categorical data Numerical data

Homework review You are looking to see if “class standing” affects the “level of sales”. Independent variable (IV):______________ Number of levels of IV: ________________ (how many means?) Quasi or True experiment:______________ Dependent variable: __________________ Between or within participant design: ______________ In this study, what is the operational definition of “class standing”? In this study, what is the operational definition of “level of sales”? Class standing Level of sales 4 Quasi Between Classification based on units earned Number of bags of peanuts sold

Homework review You are looking to see whether “type of program” has an effect on “body transformation”. Please identify the following variables: Independent variable (IV):______________ Number of levels of IV: _______________ (how many means?) Quasi or True experiment:______________ Dependent variable: __________________ Between or within participant design: ______________ What is the operational definition of “type of program”? What is the operational definition of “body transformation”? Type of program Body transformation 2 True Between Type of program = type of diet (regular versus programmatic diet) Body transformation = number of pounds lost

Homework review You are looking to see which driving choice is most efficient. So you ask each driver to drive each of the three routes and time themselves on how long it takes. Please identify the following variables: Independent variable (IV):______________ (how many means) Number of levels of IV: ________________ Dependent variable: __________________ Between or within participant design: ______________ What is the operational definition of “driving efficiency”? What is the operational definition of “driving choice”? Type of route driving efficiency 3 Within Driving efficiency = travel time (measured in minutes) Driving choice = route taken

Homework review

Notice that the operational definition of each construct matters

Homework review gender 2 quasi salary between nominal ratio

Name of City Quasi- experiment 3 Between Temperature Nominal Interval

Homework review city 3 quasi temperature between nominal interval Must be complete and must be stapled Will hand in assignment in couple minutes

Preview of Questionnaire Homework There are five parts: Statement of Objectives Questionnaire itself (which is the operational definitions of the objectives) Data collection and creation of database Creation of graphs representing results Generate a formal memorandum describing results

Preview of Questionnaire Homework There are five parts: Statement of Objectives Questionnaire itself (which is the operational definitions of the objectives) Data collection and creation of database Creation of graphs representing results Generate a formal memorandum describing results

Preview of Questionnaire Homework

Preview of Questionnaire Homework

Preview of Questionnaire Homework

Preview of Questionnaire Homework

QuestionnaireHomework

QuestionnaireHomework Average of these three scores

QuestionnaireHomework Average of these two scores

QuestionnaireHomework Variable label and scale values

QuestionnaireHomework Average of these three scores

QuestionnaireHomework Average of these two scores

QuestionnaireHomework Variable label and scale values

QuestionnaireHomework

Preview of Questionnaire Homework There are five parts: Statement of Objectives Questionnaire itself (which is the operational definitions of the objectives) Data collection and creation of database Creation of graphs representing results Generate a formal memorandum describing results

Preview of Questionnaire Homework There are five parts: Statement of Objectives Questionnaire itself (which is the operational definitions of the objectives) Data collection and creation of database Creation of graphs representing results Generate a formal memorandum describing results

5 Principles of questionnaire construction 1. Make sure items match research objectives & Identify what constructs you are trying to understand (Be explicit in identifying your constructs) 3. Use appropriate, natural and familiar language 2. Responders have the answers to our questions We are tapping into their attitudes/beliefs/ knowledge Understand your research participants “think like” the responders / consider their sensibilities use appropriate, natural and familiar language (for them)

5 Principles of questionnaire construction 3. Assessment should feel easy and clear, unthreatening Be clear, precise and concise (short questions) Minimize use of contingency questions Start with most friendly (least threatening) questions first then at the end “now a couple questions about you” (foot in the door phenomenon) Avoid double negatives For example: Agree or disagree? Teachers shouldn’t have less contact with parents 4. Avoid ambiguity and bias in your items Avoid “double-barreled” questions - Difficult to interpret answers Avoid leading or loaded questions - Can introduce bias Consider problem of acquiescence – Ask question in different ways (careful with coding)