Biometrics Group 3 Tina, Joel, Mark, Jerrod

Biometrics Defined Automated methods or recognizing a person based on a physiological and behavioral characteristics Automated methods or recognizing a person based on a physiological and behavioral characteristics Derived from the Greek words bios (life) and metron (to measure) Derived from the Greek words bios (life) and metron (to measure)

A Little History First known example was in China in the 14 th century in the form of fingerprinting First known example was in China in the 14 th century in the form of fingerprinting Chinese merchants began stamping children’s palm prints and footprints in order to distinguish the young children from one another Chinese merchants began stamping children’s palm prints and footprints in order to distinguish the young children from one another

“Bertillonage” (a method of body measure) “Bertillonage” (a method of body measure) Started in 1890’s Started in 1890’s Alphonse Bertillion developed “Bertillonage” in order to fix the problem of identifying criminals. Alphonse Bertillion developed “Bertillonage” in order to fix the problem of identifying criminals. Thus, turning Biometrics into a distinct field of study Thus, turning Biometrics into a distinct field of study

How does it work? Step 1 = Capture Step 1 = Capture A physical or behavioral sample is captured by system during enrolment A physical or behavioral sample is captured by system during enrolment Step 2 = Extraction Step 2 = Extraction Unique data are extracted from the sample and a template is created; unique features are then extracted by system and then turned into mathematical code; template is then stored Unique data are extracted from the sample and a template is created; unique features are then extracted by system and then turned into mathematical code; template is then stored

Step 3 = Comparison Step 3 = Comparison Template is then compared to new sample; computer algorithm normalizes captured biometric signature; biometric data are then stored as the biometric template for that person Template is then compared to new sample; computer algorithm normalizes captured biometric signature; biometric data are then stored as the biometric template for that person Step 4 = Match / Non-match Step 4 = Match / Non-match System decides whether the features extracted from the new sample are a match or a non-match with the template; if so, the person’s identity is confirmed System decides whether the features extracted from the new sample are a match or a non-match with the template; if so, the person’s identity is confirmed

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Types of Biometrics PHYSICAL PHYSICAL BEHAVORIAL BEHAVORIAL Behavioral biometrics are generally used for verification while physical biometrics can be used for either identification or verification.

PHYSICAL Bertillonage - measure body lengths (no longer used) Bertillonage - measure body lengths (no longer used) Fingerprint – analyzing fingertip patterns Fingerprint – analyzing fingertip patterns Facial Recognition – measuring facial characteristics Facial Recognition – measuring facial characteristics Hand Geometry – measuring the shape of the hand Hand Geometry – measuring the shape of the hand Iris Scan - analyzing features of colored ring of the eye Iris Scan - analyzing features of colored ring of the eye Retinal Scan – analyzing blood vessels in the eye Retinal Scan – analyzing blood vessels in the eye Vascular Patterns – analyzing vein patterns Vascular Patterns – analyzing vein patterns DNA – analyzing genetic makeup DNA – analyzing genetic makeup

BEHAVORIAL Speaker Recognition – analyzing vocal behavior Speaker Recognition – analyzing vocal behavior Signature – analyzing signature dynamics Signature – analyzing signature dynamics Keystroke – measuring the time spacing of typed words Keystroke – measuring the time spacing of typed words

Two Major Uses Verification Verification Identification Identification

BIOMETRIC FUTURE The future of biometrics holds great promise for law enforcement applications, as well for private industry uses. The future of biometrics holds great promise for law enforcement applications, as well for private industry uses.

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