1 Value Techniques Experiences Attitude Keep walking

2 Pareto and 80/20 rules Causes and effect diagram Histogram Check-sheet techniques Control Charts Graphic presentation of data: Pie, Bar, Line, Radar, etc. Correlation analysis: Scatter plot QC Circle Small Group Activities TPM Group

3 Quantitative (Numeric) data Discrete Continuous Qualitative (Categorical) data Ordinal Nominal

4 Applications To analyze process and discover items to be improved To research process capability To control the process (in a time series) To verify effects of an improvement Dispersion Stratified by separate machines, operators, times of day, material

5 Applications To establish targets for control and improvement To verify results of control and improvement activities Identify the most important causes that contribute to a great effect

6 Applications To understand relative sizes of numbers To understand trends over time To understand percentages of total

7 Applications To study correration To determine the most appropriate level for control Discover relationships: causes & effects, between different causes/effects

8 Applications To understand the relationship between effect characteristics and causes factors To clarify problem areas and establish corrective actions To establish control items and perfect cross- positional management

9 Clearly define a characteristic as a problem Identify all factors Sort out the factors into the diagram Check if any change in factor causes a corresponding change in characteristic and vice versa Check if the end factor can change its condition Determine important factors Devise countermeasures to those important ones

10 Applications Inspections Records Tests

11 Applications To control a process To analyze a process

12 Process analysis Work study Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) Design of Experiments (DOE) Value Engineering (VE)

13 0. Define the problem 1. Collect data 2. Analyze the data 3. Generate alternatives 4. Evaluate the alternatives 5. Develop an action plan 6. Implement 7. Follow up

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