Air Internet PSTN BTS BSC MSC IWF 2G Network (IS-95/GSM based) (already deployed) - PPP session termination (learn wireless-specific info. while establishing PPP session. Security and policy are linked. - QoS management - wireless-TCP - Personalization of Content Services depending on the device - PUSH and PULL services for Wireless advertisements - Wireless-Specific Policy Gateway - Wireless-VPNs

Air Internet PSTN BTS BSC 2G SGSN GGSN 2.5G GPRS Network (being deployed) Radio-Specific Qos Bandwidth Management for four classes of services on per-session/call basis Wireless Application Gateway Sector level traffic management Sector level security management Wireless-specific firewalls/Policies PDP context spoofing and integrating with policies Packet level policies GTP tunnel encapsulation LLC termination 2M PPP terminations Session-based QoS MSC RLP frame processing Radio-specific Services SDU-Radio Frame processing by detecting the delay between 3 radio frames Outer loop Power management Location based Push and Pull services by identifying the location in the payload Packet level traffic conditioning Soft handoff and mobility Control MAC frame processing Security Management GTP Tunnel encapsulation

Air Internet PSTN NodeB RNC 3G SGSN GGSN 3G UMTS Network (to be deployed) RLP frame processing Radio-specific Services SDU-Radio Frame processing by detecting the delay between 3 radio frames Outer loop Power management Location based Push and Pull services by identifying the location in the payload Packet level traffic conditioning Soft handoff and mobility Control MAC frame processing sRadio-Specific Qos Bandwidth Management for four classes of services on per-session/call basis Wireless Application Gateway Sector level traffic management Sector level security management Wireless-specific firewalls/Policies PDP context spoofing and integrating with policies Packet level policies GTP tunnel encapsulation LLC termination 2M PPP terminations Session-based QoS

Air Internet BTS PSTN BTS BSC MSC PCF/PDSN 3G CDMA based Network (being deployed) RLP frame processing Radio-specific Services SDU-Radio Frame processing by detecting the delay between 3 radio frames Outer loop Power management Location based Push and Pull services by identifying the location in the payload Packet level traffic conditioning Soft handoff and mobility Control MAC frame processing sRadio-Specific Qos Bandwidth Management for four classes of services on per-session/call basis Wireless Application Gateway Sector level traffic management Sector level security management Wireless-specific firewalls/Policies PDP context spoofing and integrating with policies Packet level policies GTP tunnel encapsulation LLC termination 2M PPP terminations Session-based QoS Sticky connections

Air Internet BTS SIP Network (VOIP) BTS BSC Mobility Manager PCF/PDSN SGSN/GGSN 3G All-IP Network Softswitch/ Media Gateway Controller RLP frame processing Radio-specific Services SDU-Radio Frame processing by detecting the delay between 3 radio frames Outer loop Power management Location based Push and Pull services by identifying the location in the payload Packet level traffic conditioning Soft handoff and mobility Control MAC frame processing sRadio-Specific Qos Bandwidth Management for four classes of services on per-session/call basis Wireless Application Gateway Sector level traffic management Sector level security management Wireless-specific firewalls/Policies PDP context spoofing and integrating with policies Packet level policies GTP tunnel encapsulation LLC termination 2M PPP terminations Session-based QoS Sticky Connections

Ranking of services Ranking Application Bearer 1 Voice over IP (VoIP) 3G 2 Moving Images 3G 3 Remote LAN Access GPRS/3G 4 File Transfer 3G 5 Downloading Software 3G 6 Web Browsing GPRS/3G 7 Audio GPRS/HSCSD/3G 8 8 Document Sharing GPRS/3G 9 Home Automation GPRS/3G 10 Electronic Agent GPRS/3G 11 Dynamic Authoring GPRS/3G 12 Virtual Home Environment 3G

Packet loss objectives (Source: Artech publication, “ATM performance”) Application Bandwidth Loss probability VideoPhone 64K-2Mbps 10E-8 Videophone (variable bit) 2 Mbps 10E-8 Videoconference (variable Bit rate) 5 Mbps 4X10E-9 NTSC Video (variable Bit rate) 1.5 Mbps 10E-10 MPEG1 (variable bit) 1.5 Mbps 10E-8 MPEG2 (variable bit) 10Mpbs 2X10E-9

Delay and Delay Variation objectives for Two-Way Audio and Video Services (Source: Artech publication, “ATM performance”) Application Bandwidth Loss probability VideoPhone 64K-2Mbps 10E-8 Videophone (variable bit) 2 Mbps 10E-8 Videoconference (variable Bit rate) 5 Mbps 4X10E-9 NTSC Video (variable Bit rate) 1.5 Mbps 10E-10 MPEG1 (variable bit) 1.5 Mbps 10E-8 MPEG2 (variable bit) 10Mpbs 2X10E-9

Problem Current SDU’s introduce delay and delay variation while selecting the frames. This is due to SDU to wait for all the frames to be arrived for selection from different legs (for example, in Nortel system I heard that SDU waits atleast 10ms and Motorola SDU it takes 15ms). Moreover, one general purpose SDU used for all the services. Qos of different services that are using the SDU is not considered. One kind of SDU can not fit all the requirements. Hence existing SDU in 2G/3G RAN will have limitation in supporting these new services.