Race and Segregation in American Schools EDTHP 115 Spring, 2003.

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Presentation transcript:

Race and Segregation in American Schools EDTHP 115 Spring, 2003

What is Segregation? de jure (“by law”) segregation de jure (“by law”) segregation  Segregation mandated by law  Southern States  Outlawed by Brown decision (1954) de facto (“in fact”) segregation de facto (“in fact”) segregation  Segregation not mandated by law  Resulting from school assignment policies & residential patterns  Still common

Key Supreme Court Decisions on Segregation Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)  Established doctrine of “separate but equal” (segregation is legal, as long as facilities are equal) Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Brown v. Board of Education (1954)  “doctrine of separate but equal has no place” in US schooling

Key Supreme Court Decisions on Segregation (cont.) Green v. County School Board of New Kent County (1968) Green v. County School Board of New Kent County (1968) Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971) Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971)  Both decisions enforced Brown, ordered school districts to use a variety of methods to eliminate segregation

Key Supreme Court Decisions on Segregation (cont.) Milliken v Bradley (1974) Milliken v Bradley (1974)  Disallowed most inter-district desegregation efforts Board of Education of Oklahoma City Public Schools v. Dowell (1991) Board of Education of Oklahoma City Public Schools v. Dowell (1991) Freeman v Pitts (1992) Freeman v Pitts (1992)  Both reduced desegregation requirements for districts

Racial Segregation in Public Schools,

White Private School Enrollment Rates by Black School-Age Population, Southern Counties, 1990

What Causes School Segregation?

Preferences Preferences  Race-specific preferences Resources Resources  Income, wealth, social networks Constraints Constraints  School and housing policies, discrimination Housing Segregation Housing Segregation

Does Segregation Matter? Educational Consequences Educational Consequences  Race & Inequality  Resources in Schools Social Consequences Social Consequences  Attitudes  Contact

Atlanta, Percent Black, 1970

Atlanta, Percent Black, 1980

Atlanta, Percent Black, 1990

Atlanta, Percent Black, 2000

Philadelphia, Percent Black, 2000

Desegregation and ‘White Flight’ Move to suburbs Move to suburbs Moves to private schools Moves to private schools

White Private School Enrollment Rates by Black School-Age Population, Southern Counties, 1970

White Private School Enrollment Rates by Black School-Age Population, Southern Counties, 1980

White Private School Enrollment Rates by Black School-Age Population, Southern Counties, 1990