The First Five January 15, 2015 Agenda Message: Unit 7 Frayer Models = Due tomorrow Warm-up: What do you already know about the Cherokee & Creek cultures? How have their cultures influenced the state of Georgia?

Groups Group 1: Settling the River Valleys, pp Group 2: The colonists and the Cherokee, pp Group 3: The United States and the Cherokee Nation, p. 199 Group 4: Sequoyah & the Cherokee Phoenix, p. 200 Group 5: Changes in Lifestyle & A Government and Law, p. 201 Group 6: Respected Cherokee Leaders, p. 202

The Last Word

The First Five January 16, 2015 Agenda Message: No school on Monday = MLK, Jr. Warm-up: It is The U.S. government has given your tribe a choice: move west to a reservation and keep your traditional way of life, or stay and adapt. Most of your tribal land has been sold or taken. The remaining land is isolated and not very good for farming. Would you stay or would you leave? How would your life change if you stayed in Georgia? How would your life change if you moved west?

Unit 7: Creek & Cherokee Nations ( )

Alexander McGillivray Chief Alexander McGillivray led the Creek Indian tribes in Georgia. Treaty of New York In 1790, President George Washington & Chief McGillivray signed the Treaty of New York. In this treaty, the Creek Indians gave up all of their land east of the Oconee River (near Athens, GA). The U.S. government started removing Creek Indians off of their land in Georgia. Headright System and land lottery will be used to distribute land to white settlers.

William McIntosh As more and more of the Creek Indian land was given to the U.S. government, Creek tribes became separated from each other. There was little chance for the Creeks to talk and trade with each other. On February 12, 1825, Chief William McIntosh secretly sold the last of the Creek lands in Georgia to the U.S. government for $200,000. Groups of Creek Indians beat, stabbed, & scalped Chief McIntosh for secretly selling away the Creeks’ land to the USA.

Gold Rush in Georgia White settlers continued to move into northern Georgia, because of the attraction to: 1.Rich land 2.Timber 3.Other natural resources In 1828, gold was found near Dahlonega, GA. This caused a rush of people to arrive and caused the Cherokee to be removed off their land.

Sequoyah I760-George Gist, also known as Sequoyah was born. syllabary He created the Cherokee alphabet or syllabary, which are symbols that stand for whole syllables. syllabary The Cherokee alphabet or syllabary has 86 symbols.

The First Five January 20, 2015 Agenda Message: Study for the Unit 7 quiz on Friday! Warm-up: View the painting of the Trail of Tears and write down three observations that you made from the picture.

Worcester v. Georgia General Assembly On December 22, 1830, the General Assembly passed a law stating that a white person could not live on Cherokee land without taking an oath of allegiance to the governor. Samuel Worcester New Echota 11 white people refused to sign the oath, including the Reverend Samuel Worcester (postmaster of the New Echota post office) The 11 people were jailed…chained together and made to walk from the North Georgia Mountains to Lawrenceville, GA. Then they were sentenced to serve 4 years at the state penitentiary in Milledgeville. Governor George Gilmer agreed to pardon any of them, who would sign the oath of allegiance…Only 2 of the prisoners refused to do so. ChiefJustice John Marshall Samuel Worcester and Elizur Butler took their case to the U.S. Supreme Court…Chief Justice John Marshall rendered his decision ordering Worcester and Butler set free (they won)! However, Georgia’s Governor Gilmer refused to accept the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court, and so did the next incoming governor (Governor Wilson Lumpkin). Worcester and Butler gave up. Governor Lumpkin pardoned them and banned the two men out of Georgia forever. Governor Lumpkin took the Cherokee land in North Georgia and divided up. In 1832, Georgia held a land lottery and distributed Cherokee land out to Georgia’s white males.

Andrew Jackson Elected president of the USA in Indian Removal Act was passed in Congress and $500,000 was set aside to enforce it. reservations All Native Americans were moved to western land called reservations. Choctaws were removed 1 st in 1831, then the Cherokees were last to be removed in 1838.

John Ross Principal chief of the Cherokee Indians. He tried to save Cherokee land from being taken by both the Georgia General Assembly and the U.S. government during the 1830s-1840s.

The First Five January 21, 2015 Agenda Message: Study for the Unit 7 quiz on Friday! Today’s Warm-up: Which treaty required the Creek to give up all their land east of the Oconee River? A.Treaty of Paris B.Treaty of Ghent C.Treaty of New York D.Treaty of New Echota

Anuna-da-ut-sun’y Trail of Tears Anuna-da-ut-sun’y In 1835, a Cherokee chief named Major Ridge signed the Treaty of New Echota with US President Andrew Jackson, but without the permission of Cherokee principal chief John Ross. This treaty gave up all Cherokee lands in Georgia in exchange for lands in Oklahoma and 5 million dollars. John Ross and other Cherokees thought the US government would protect Cherokee lands from white settlement because of the Worcester v. Georgia Supreme Court case. Instead, the US Army enforced the 1830 Indian Removal Act and in 1838 Cherokee homes and farms were burned. The Cherokee were rounded up in concentration camps and forced to migrate to Oklahoma. Major Ridge and others Cherokees who signed the Treaty of New Echota were soon executed in Oklahoma by supporters of Cherokee chief John Ross.

Anuna-da-ut-sun’y Trail of Tears Anuna-da-ut-sun’y Army General Winfield Scott and his soldiers were ordered to remove all (15,000+) Cherokee from their land in North Georgia. In 1838, the Cherokees were forced to walk 800 miles from New Echota (Calhoun, GA) to the new Indian Territory (Oklahoma). During this 3 months winter walk, many (4,000+) of the Cherokee and their animals died from starvation and from colds.

Trail of Tears Map

References Blankenship, G. and Wood, V. (2009). Georgia CRCT test prep: 8 th grade Georgia studies. Atlanta, GA: Clairmont Press, Inc. Klein, P. and Pascoe, C. (2005). Georgia: In the American experience. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, Inc. London, B. B. (1999). Georgia: The history of an American state. Montgomery, AL: Clairmont Press.