 IiPaM IiPaM

 3 Parts  Fundus- Top  Body- Middle Section  Pyloris- Inferior Portion

 2 Sphincters – Circular muscles at the beginning and end of the stomach.  Cardiac (esophageal) Sphincter – Prevents stomach contents from escaping back into the esophagus.  Pyloric Sphincter- separates the stomach from the small intestine.

 Holds between 2-3 Pints of Fluid (about ½ gallon)  Thick Mucous Lining- protects tissues of the stomach from becoming “digested”  What do you think would happen if this mucous lining was not there?

 Rugae- Folds in the inner lining of the stomach  Walls of the stomach hold various cells that produce stomach acid (HCl)  3 Glands Secrete:  Mucous  HCl  Pepsinogen (Pepsin)- Enzyme that digests protein

 Food is mixed in with gastric juices producing “Chyme” the consistency of “pea soup”.  Muscles – wave like contractions

 3RKEs 3RKEs

 V2NpQ V2NpQ

 Foods high in Carbs spend little time in the stomach while foods high in Protein spend a little more time.  Foods high in Fat spend the most time in the stomach because they trigger an enzyme to be released in the small intestine that slows stomach emptying.

 Duodenum- (12)  Jejunum- (empty)  Ileum- (twisted)

 Middle portion of small intestine  Villi- (tufts of hair)  Micro Villi

 Secretes intestinal enzymes that further breakdown food. Intestinal Amylase Intestinal Protease Intestinal Lipase  Begin absorption of nutrients

 Last Portion of Small Intestine  Absorption of Nutrients (mostly)  Some enzymatic production

 Colon-  Absorption of water, ions, and some vitamins  No villi  Waste becomes solid (feces)  Contains bacteria that aid in the breakdown of food and some B vitamins along with the production of vitamin K.

 Liver  Gall Bladder  Pancreas

 Functions (2 main)  1. Glycogenesis  2. Production of Bile

 Aids regulating blood sugar levels in the body by storing glycogen when blood sugar is high, and converting glycogen into glucose when blood sugar is low.

 Bile salts emulsify fats (makes them into little fat “droplets”).

 Stores Bile

 Makes Insulin (lowers blood sugar)  Pancreatic Enzymes:  Pancreatic Amylase  Pancreatic Protease  Pancreatic Lipase