Origins & Development of Authoritarian & Single Party States Paper II: Topic 3!!!!!! Rise of Stalin Do now: Pass back work from 1 st Quarter Data Tracker & Reflection Explanation 10/30 & 11/3 New Unit

Themes The origins and historical contexts that led to the rise of authoritarian and single party states The role of leaders and ideologies in the rise to power, and the nature of the states that emerged The methods used to established and maintain power in such states The domestic economic and social policies of such regimes, their impact and the success or failure of such policies

Authoritarian Term refers to regimes that are essentially conservative and traditional and that try to defend existing institutions and keep all sections of society politically and organizationally passive Authoritarian regimes are firmly committed to maintaining traditional structure and values

Marxism Karl Marx (1818 – 83) – theory that human history was largely determined by the ‘history of class struggles’ Wrote The Communist Manifest 1847 Workers would overthrow capitalist society Still would be a class based society Ruling class = working class (socialist society) Socialist Society would transform into a communist society Classless society

Marxist theory of stages Marx believed in the idea of permanent revolution Series of stages & after one stage had been achieved, the next class struggle would begin almost immediately

Leninism Organized Marx’s ideas for political organization Need for small leading group of revolutionaries Created tension b/w Lenin & Trotsky (fellow revolutionary) Trotsky said that small group could lead to dictator Both thought revolutionary stages could happen quickly

Marxism-Leninism Term created by Stalin—used after death of Lenin (1924) Considered “official” ideology = all communist parties loyal to Stalin Described as ‘orthodox Marxism’, which came to mean what Stalin himself had to say about political and economic issues Many Marxists& even communist members of the Communist Party believed that Stalin’s ideas & practices were total distortions of what Marx and Lenin had said and done

Stalinism – term used by historians Dictatorial type of rule Reject socialist democracy: Rejected: government is in the hands of the people Rejected: Immediate recall of elected representatives National interests over the interests of world revolution

Fascism A form of revolutionary “ultra- nationalism for national rebirth” – extremely strong belief in the superiority of one’s own country & a desire to advance that country at the expense of others (including war) Destruction of working-class organization Anti-Semitism and racism often found at the core Complicated—as there is no “world-view”

Dictatorships - used to describe a regime in which democracy, individual right and parliamentary rule are absent Authoritarian Dictatorship Do not come to power as a result of mass movement or revolution Instead arise due to an existing conservative regime imposes increasingly undemocratic measures Firmly committed to maintaining or restoring traditional structures and values Totalitarian Dictatorship- total political power All aspects of the state, politics, culture, and spiritual controlled within the state Dictator is able to impose their will on party, state, and society Come to power due to mass movement or revolution Examples: Hitler – Germany, Stalin & Soviet Union

Why authoritarian / totalitarian regimes??? 1) People believed that ideologies like communism were the final truth…did not believe in democracy…people should not have a choice in how they are governed or what they believe in 2) Major Crisis – WWI & fall of the Russian Monarchy gave totalitarian leaders their chance…caused people to turn against their governments in place

Timeline Road to Revolution 15 events Attach 2 sentence justification of why it did or did not contribute to the Russian Revolution