Project Site Description Area – 2,30,327 m 2 Global Position – Between N ’20” to N ’71” and E ’50” to E ’80” Elevation – +14.5m to +71m m.s.l. Rainfall – 2211 mm annual Temperature – Min C Dec.; Max C May Nearest Rly. Stn. – Kurla, 10 km

Project Site Description

Geological Investigations and results Regional Geology

Geological Investigations and results Testing at site

Geological Investigations and results Testing at site Hole No.Total no. of Joints observed Joints as per inclination Spacing. of Joints (m) <50 o >70 o BH BH BH BH-4 30 NIL0.40 BH BH BH BH

Geological Investigations and results Testing at site

Geological Investigations and results Testing at site

Geological Investigations and results Testing at site

Geological Investigations and results Testing at site

Geological Investigations and results Testing at site

Geological Investigations and results Testing at site - Result

Geo-mechanical Investigations and results In-situ Stress Regime (i) High stress Zone ‘1’ (Depth from surface 30-35m)  v = 0.028*depth, MPa ≈ 1.0 MPa, Dipping vertically downward  H = 4.8 MPa, Strike direction N1230E±300  h = 2.2 MPa, Strike direction N2130E±300 (ii) High stress zone ‘2’ (Depth from surface 50-60m)  v = 0.028*depth, MPa ≈ 1.7 MPa, Dipping vertically downward  H = 18.7 MPa, Strike direction N720E±300  h = 9.7 MPa, Strike direction N1520E±300 (iii) General stress profile  v = 0.028*depth, MPa Dipping vertically downward  H = 0.11*depth, MPa, Strike direction N1260E±300  h = (0.024*depth ) MPa, Strike direction N2160E±300

Geo-mechanical Investigations and results In-situ Stress Regime

Geo-mechanical Investigations and results Physico-mechanical properties Basic physico- mechanical parameters Samples borehole numbers Samples depth range from surface Parameters value range Mean value of the parameters Remarks Density, , kg/m 3 B1, B2, BH3, BH4 5.5m to 54.5m2.67 to kg/m 3 Young’s modulus (static), E, GPa BH1, BH2, BH3, BH8 25.5m to 65.5m5.7 to GPaHigher values below -30m m.s.l. Poisson’s ratio (static),  BH1, BH2, BH3, BH8 25.5m to 65.5m0.19 to Young’s modulus (Dyn.), E dyn, GPa BH1around 47m53 to GPa Poisson’s ratio, (Dyn.),  dyn BH1around 47m0.25 to Uniaxial Comp. Strength, UCS, MPa BH1, BH2, BH3, BH8 28.2m to 65.5m17.7 to MPaHigher values below -30m m.s.l. P-Wave velocity, V p, km/sec. BH1around 47m4.58 to km/sec. S-Wave velocity, V s, km/sec. BH1around 47m2.70 to km/sec. Fracture toughness, K IC, MPa/m 0.5 BH1around 47m1.96 to MPa/m 0.5

Geo-mechanical Investigations and results Rock Mass Characterization ParameterParameter valuesParameter ratings Remark Strength, intact rock MPa4-7Rock strength greater than 75 MPa below -30m m.s.l. will result into rating near to 6. RQD Based on volumetric joint count, RQD surrounding caverns level expected at 95% and will result in the rating of 20. Spacing, discont.0.35m to 2.5m10-20Expected joint spacing at the proposed caverns level is 0.6m to 2.0m resulting into the rating of 15. Condition of discontinuities Joint aperture less than 1mm to tight joints with rough, planar walls with no infillings Based on core drilling and permeability measurements. Ground waterDamp to completely dry10-15Based on core drilling and geo-hydrological studies at Calico site. Complete dry rock mass conditions expected for surrounding the caverns housing resulting into the rating of 15. Adjustment for joint orientation w.r.t. drivage direction. Fair to very favourable(-5)- 0 Adjusted RMR61-92“Good”- “Very good” rock mass conditions. Average RMR of 86 (very good rock mass conditions) is expected to surround the proposed caverns level.

Geo-mechanical Investigations and results Rock Mass Characterization Parametervalueremark RQD100-79Good to excellent quality cores Jn1-12Massive to three joints sets + random Jr1.5-3Rough or irregular, planar to irregular, undulating joint sets Ja0.75-1Unaltered joint walls, surface staining only to tightly healed joint walls. Jw1Dry SRF1Medium stress Q10-300“Good”- “Ext. Good"

Geo-mechanical Investigations and results Prediction of Ground Conditions

Geo-mechanical Investigations and results Prediction of Ground Conditions

Geo-hydrological Investigations and results Permeability test-no.MDLdV/dPP hyd Perm., Kkfkf mmm 3 /PaMPa  darcy m/s · · · · · · low pressure build-up · · · · · · · ·

Geo-hydrological Investigations and results Aquifer

Geo-hydrological Investigations and results Aquifer

Geo-hydrological Investigations and results Ground water flow

Geo-hydrological Investigations and results Geo-hydrology results

Conclusions of the Study Calico Plot is an ideal site for crude oil storage at caverns top at -55m m.s.l. Finished products can also be stored in the underground. Caverns of 24m width and 24m to 40m height can safely be constructed at the site. The site offers for a simple water curtain system operative from the surface to enhance hydraulic containment. Caverns at Calico will pioneer the refinery business in India for sustainable growth under constraints of congested urban sprawl.