Cell Organelles As we go through the notes, you should be filling in your sheet. Feel free to add anything to your notes that you think will help you remember what we talked about.

Cell membrane Flexible covering outside the cell Flexible covering outside the cell Made of fat (lipids) Made of fat (lipids) Controls what enters and leaves the cell (similar to your skin) Controls what enters and leaves the cell (similar to your skin) Bacteria, Archaea, Protists, Fungi, Plants & Animals Bacteria, Archaea, Protists, Fungi, Plants & Animals

Cell wall Rigid covering outside the cell Rigid covering outside the cell Made of different materials (depends on the kingdom) Made of different materials (depends on the kingdom) Gives the cell its shape and protection (similar to your skeleton) Gives the cell its shape and protection (similar to your skeleton) Bacteria, Archaea, Fungi, Plants, & some Protists Bacteria, Archaea, Fungi, Plants, & some Protists

Central vacuole Large storage area for water, wastes, and food Large storage area for water, wastes, and food Similar to your bladder Similar to your bladder Plants, Fungi & some Protists Plants, Fungi & some Protists

Centrosome Bundle of fibers that helps the cell divide (reproduce) Bundle of fibers that helps the cell divide (reproduce) Produces fibers that pull chromosomes apart Produces fibers that pull chromosomes apart Animals & some Protists Animals & some Protists

Chloroplast Absorbs energy from sunlight to make sugar (photosynthesis) Absorbs energy from sunlight to make sugar (photosynthesis) Has its own DNA Has its own DNA Bright green Bright green Plants & some Protists Plants & some Protists

Cilia Tiny hairs on the outside of the cell used for movement Tiny hairs on the outside of the cell used for movement Hundreds per cell Hundreds per cell Some Animals, some Protists, some Bacteria & some Archaea Some Animals, some Protists, some Bacteria & some Archaea

Cytoplasm Liquidy goo that all the other organelles float around in (similar to your blood) Liquidy goo that all the other organelles float around in (similar to your blood) Mostly water and some salts Mostly water and some salts Bacteria, Archaea, Protists, Fungi, Plants & Animals Bacteria, Archaea, Protists, Fungi, Plants & Animals

Flagellum Long, whip-like tail used for movement Long, whip-like tail used for movement Usually only 1 or 2 per cell Usually only 1 or 2 per cell Some Animals, some Plants, some Bacteria, some Protists, & some Archaea Some Animals, some Plants, some Bacteria, some Protists, & some Archaea

Golgi Proofreads, modifies, and ships products of other organelles Proofreads, modifies, and ships products of other organelles Usually found near cell membrane Usually found near cell membrane Plants, Animals, Protists, & Fungi Plants, Animals, Protists, & Fungi

Lysosome Bubble filled with enzymes Bubble filled with enzymes Destroys invaders & worn out cell parts (similar to your immune system) Destroys invaders & worn out cell parts (similar to your immune system) Plants, Animals, Protists, & Fungi Plants, Animals, Protists, & Fungi

Mitochondria Burns sugar to make energy in the form of ATP (cell respiration) Burns sugar to make energy in the form of ATP (cell respiration) Has its own DNA Has its own DNA “Powerhouse” of the cell “Powerhouse” of the cell Plants, Animals, Protists, & Fungi Plants, Animals, Protists, & Fungi

Nucleolus Dark ball inside the nucleus Dark ball inside the nucleus Makes ribosomes Makes ribosomes Plants, Animals, Protists, & Fungi Plants, Animals, Protists, & Fungi

Nucleus Place where main genetic material is kept (DNA & RNA) Place where main genetic material is kept (DNA & RNA) Usually near center of cell Usually near center of cell “Command center” or “Brain” of cell “Command center” or “Brain” of cell Plants, Animals, Protists, & Fungi Plants, Animals, Protists, & Fungi

Pili Tiny hairs covering the outside of the cell Tiny hairs covering the outside of the cell Help cell recognize & sense its surroundings (like your nervous system) Help cell recognize & sense its surroundings (like your nervous system) Bacteria & Archaea Bacteria & Archaea

Ribosomes Tiny dots in cytoplasm or on rough E.R. Tiny dots in cytoplasm or on rough E.R. Make proteins Make proteins Bacteria, Archaea, Protists, Fungi, Plants & Animals Bacteria, Archaea, Protists, Fungi, Plants & Animals

Rough E.R. Series of tunnels (like your veins and arteries) Series of tunnels (like your veins and arteries) Transport proteins around the cell Transport proteins around the cell Usually wrapped around the nucleus Usually wrapped around the nucleus Plants, Animals, Protists, & Fungi Plants, Animals, Protists, & Fungi

Smooth E.R. Series of tunnels (like your veins and arteries) Series of tunnels (like your veins and arteries) Transport new membrane pieces around the cell Transport new membrane pieces around the cell Usually found just outside Rough E.R. Usually found just outside Rough E.R. Plants, Animals, Protists, & Fungi Plants, Animals, Protists, & Fungi

Vesicle Bubble that transports materials all around the cell Bubble that transports materials all around the cell Like wrapping paper or a box Like wrapping paper or a box Usually found around the Golgi Usually found around the Golgi Bacteria, Archaea, Protists, Fungi, Plants & Animals Bacteria, Archaea, Protists, Fungi, Plants & Animals