Ecology the study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with their physical environment

Levels of Ecology Biosphere Biome Ecosystem Community Population Organism

Ecosystem All of the different species living together (community) in an area (habitat) –Abiotic Factors- nonliving (weather, soil composition, winds, temperature, etc.) –Biotic Factors- living (plants, animals, bacteria, fungi)

Taxonomy Examples from the Northern Deciduous Forest Acer saccharum Acer rubrum Alces alces

Energy Flow in Ecosystems Food Chains Food Webs

Some thought questions… What is your favorite food? How is it made? Where does it come from?

The SUN!!! Energy for photosynthesis Plants make sugars from carbon dioxide, water and sunlight.

Energy flow in Ecosystems The original source of all energy is the sun! Autotrophs –Producers- make energy for others Heterotrophs –Consumers- consume others for energy –Decomposers- break down organic matter for energy

Heterotrophs may be –Herbivores- consume plants or algae –Carnivores- consume animal flesh –Omnivores- consume plants and animal flesh –Detritivores- consume dead organisms or wastes

Group Food Web Practice eb.htmhttp:// eb.htm

What do you spend energy on? –Growth –Maintenance –Repair

Only 10% of the energy captured by an organism is transferred to the organism that eats the first organism.

herbivore decomposer

Energy flows through ecosystems, but matter cycles through ecosystems The sun is a constant source of energy Matter needs to get reused –There is no new source of carbon or water on earth

The Water Cycle Evaporation Condensation Precipitation Surface Runoff Infiltration (ground water)

The Carbon Cycle Industry, power plants, and vehicles release CO 2. Plants consume CO 2 in photosynthesis. Living things release CO 2 during cellular respiration. Fossil fuels are made from the carbon in the tissues of dead plants and animals. ng/carbonCycle.htm

Ecological Succession dominant organisms in an area change over time

Primary Succession Starts from bare rock Lichen live on bare rock. Lichen create enough soil for mosses

Secondary succession Begins after an area has been disturbed

Photosynthesis “making from light”

Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts

Chemical formula for Photosynthesis

Respiration The Working Cell: Energy from Food

Food Stores Chemical Energy Chemical Energy –Potential energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds

ATP Provides Energy For Cellular Work Types of Work –Growth –Maintenance –Repair

Breathing and Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is an aerobic process –requires O 2 Breathing delivers O 2 and releases CO 2

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration