Reformation Ideas Spread Section 13.4 pp Catherine of Aragon Anne Boleyn Henry VIII of England

An Explosion of Protestant Sects Anabaptists – Protestant sect that rejected baptizing infants – Some were radical and violent – Some supported religious toleration and separation of church and state

The English Reformation Henry VIII Wants an Annulment – Married Catherine of Aragon and produced one child, Mary Tudor. – Asked Pope Clement VII to annul his marriage Wanted to marry Anne Boleyn and produce a male heir Pope stalled for 7 years and finally denied annulment Pope Clement VII Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI

The English Reformation Breaking With the Church – Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy in 1534 Declared the king was the head of the Church in England – Thomas Cranmer appointed leader of the C.O.E. and granted Henry’s divorce – Henry married Anne Boleyn and had another daughter, Elizabeth.

The English Reformation Strengthening the Church of England – Many Catholics who opposed the Act of Supremacy were tried for treason and executed – The English government seized wealth and land owned by Catholic churches and monasteries – Still, the Church of England resembled the Catholic Church in its religious beliefs and practices

The English Reformation Religious Turmoil – After he died in 1547, Henry was succeeded by his son Edward VI, a Protestant – Protestant advisors to Edward take steps to make England more Protestant – After Edward died, Mary Tudor, a Catholic became Queen. She executed many Protestants and became known as “Bloody Mary” Queen Mary I

The English Reformation The Elizabethan Settlement – Elizabeth, a moderate Protestant, became Queen in 1558 after Mary’s death – She made compromised between Catholicism and radical Protestants in the Church of England – Under her reign, England was unified and powerful Queen Elizabeth I

The Catholic Reformation The Council of Trent (1545) – Reaffirmed Catholic teachings Salvation comes from faith and good works The Bible isn’t the sole source of truth – Took steps to end abuses in the Church Stiff penalties for worldliness and corruption Better educated clergy who could defend faith Forbid sale of indulgences

The Catholic Reformation The Inquisition – Church court established to investigate heresy – Used secret testimony and torture

The Catholic Reformation Ignatius of Loyola – Founded Jesuit Order Combated Heresy Spread Catholic Faith Disciplined, Well- Trained, and Obedient – Jesuits Fought the Reformation Became Advisors to Monarchs Created Religious Schools Became Missionaries Ignatius of Loyola