LECTURE NOTES IN ANATOMY PHARMACY STUDENTS REV. PROF. SETH AYETTEY OCTOBER 2012

OBJECTIVES APPRECIATE DESIGN OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT IDENTIFY PARTS OF THE TRACHEO-BRONCHIAL TREE KNOW THE VALUE OF THE BRONCHIOLE BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF ALVEOLI BE ABLE TO RECOGNIZE THE DOUBLE CIRCULATION OF BLOOD TO THE LUNGS BE ABLE TO RECOGNIZE THE DEFENSIVE MECHANISM IN THE RESPIRATORY TRACT BE ABLE TO APPRECIATE ITS LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE TO KNOW THE AUTONOMIC REGULATION OF THE TRACHEO-BRONCHIAL TREE

THE REPIRATORY TRACT THE NASAL CAVITY PARANASAL AIR SINUSES THE NASO-PHARYNX THE ORO-PHARYNX THE LARYNGO-PHARYNX THE TRACHEO-BRONCHIAL TREE

THE TRACHEO-BRONCHIAL TREE THE TRACHEA THE PRINCIPAL BRONCHI SECONDARY OR LOBAR BRONCHI TERTIARY BRONCHI BRONCHO PULMONARY SEGMENTS BRONCHIOLE ALVEOLAR DUCTS ALVEOLI THE ALVEOLAR SEPTUM GAS EXCHANGE

THE PULMONARY DEFENSIVE MECHANISM NASAL CAVITY THE PHARYNX THE LARYNGEAL OPENING – COUGH REFLEX MUCUS SECRETION RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM BRONCHOSPASM LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE LUNGS PULMONARY CIRCULATION PULMONARY TRUNK PULMONARY ARTERIES PULMONARY CAPILLARIES PULMONARY CAPILLARY PRESSURE PULMONARY VEINS BRONCHIAL ARTERIES FROM THORACIC AORTA DISTRIBUTION TO PRE-ALVEOLA REGION

PULMONARY SYSTEM – AUTONOMIC INNERVATION SYMPATHETIC SUPPLY EFFECT ON MUCUS SECRETION EFFECT ON BRONCHIOLES EFFECT ON GASEOUS EXCHANGE PARASYMPATHETIC SUPPLY EFFECT ON MUCUS SECRETION EFFECT ON BRONCHIOLES EFFECT ON GASEOUS EXCHANGE

CLINICAL VALUE PNEUMONIA LUNG ABSCESSES PULMONARY EMBOLISM PULMONARY OEDEMA ASTHMA EMPHYSEMA LUNG CANCER CANCER METASTASIS PNEUMOTHORAX/LUNG COLLAPSE

Pulmonary Blood Flow Pulmonary embolism is a life- threatening condition that occurs when a clot of blood or other material blocks an artery the lungs.

Facts about PE. 3 rd most common cause of death. 2 nd most common cause of unexpected death in most age groups. 60% of patients dying in the hospital have had a PE. Diagnosis has been missed in about 70% of the cases