NATIONAL AND REGIONAL GROWTH

Industrial Revolution Early 1800s machines replace hand tools. Large-scale manufacturing replace farming as the main source of work. War of 1812 partly responsible – why? Americans are forced to make their own goods and not import due to blockade.

Factory System revolution/videos/industrial-revolution revolution/videos/industrial-revolution brings workers and machines together under one roof. need to build near source of water to power the machines. people leave farms in search of better life and more $. NE is prime spot – lots of fast moving rivers hired men/women/children; worked hour days/6 days per week. Even so, still better opportunities than farm life offered

Interchangeable parts huge invention makes goods cheaper - why? – Unskilled labor can be used – Cheaper to build

Eli Whitney

Whitney’s inventions

Cotton Gin New machine increase amount a slave could clean up to 50 pounds/day. $ increases from $22 million in 1820 to $200 million in Saves dying cotton economy and makes cotton king. Cotton kills the land quickly. Always need new land to farm – one of the main reasons for the westward movement in South – once find a way to make cotton profitable, all need is land and workers. Plenty of land – plenty of slaves. (spread to SC, GA, northern FL, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas and TX) Because cotton is king, South ignores Industrial Revolution and lags behind in technology. Depends heavily on imports of tools and food from North and England. South trades with North and Europe – does not get $ for cotton; instead gets credit with which it can buy the manufactured goods it needs

Slavery in the South Only about 1/3 of white families owned slaves in Of the 1/3, only about 1/10 had large plantations w/ 20 or more slaves. (i.e. if have 100 families; 33 have some slaves; 3 have more than 20) White Southerners support slavery because slavery means $ Creates a social hierarchy in the South – became illegal to import Africans as slaves, so trade continues w/ American slaves. Families become more and more split. Leads to runaways (read “Runagate, Runagate” - and rebellions. Nat Turner and 70 followers kill 55 whites during one rebellion. Leads to death of more than 200 African-Americans in retaliation. Fear reigns on both sides.

James Madison’s Presidency 1815 –Madison (father of the Constitution) wants to create a plan to make the US self- sufficient.

Henry Clay

Clay’s plan – The American System Helps to promote Nationalism. Three parts: – Establish a protective tariff (tax on imported goods) to make in more beneficial to buy American over foreign. What section of the US does this tariff benefit? Who does it hurt? SC threatens to secede for the first time in 1832 – Establish a national bank to promote a single currency. Becomes the Second Bank of the US – Improve the country’s transportation system through roads and canals.

Transportation

Sectionalism Sectionalism becomes a factor because: – South focusing on slavery and cotton – North focusing on manufacturing and trade – West focuses on cheap land and good transportation All 3 want FEDERAL legislation to help their section

Sectionalism – Part 2 Clay’s American System under Monroe “Improvements” under Jackson Northmanufacturing and trade Protective tariff – good; Improve transportation – good and bad Sale of public lands – bad; Internal improvements - good Westcheap land and good transportation Improve transportation – good Sale of public lands – good; Internal improvements - good Southslavery and cottonProtective tariff – bad Improve transportation – bad Sale of public lands – good; Internal improvements – bad b/c funded by tariffs

James Monroe’s Presidency

James Monroe’s Presidency Era of Good Feelings McCulloch v Maryland – can’t tax a federal bank Gibbons v Ogden – federal government in charge of interstate commerce FEDERAL GOVERNMENT becoming more powerful – worries men like Thomas Jefferson and the South in general (John C. Calhoun)

Acquisition of Florida Andrew Jackson – takes it by force Monroe tells Spain – sell FL (and Oregon) to US or protect it Spain sells

Missouri Compromise of 1820 Fear that the North will control the Federal Government and try to end slavery. Tremendous push to keep number of slave and free states equal so that Senate does not fall to the North as the House has done (Why?) Designed by Henry Clay Missouri – slave Maine – free No more slavery in Territory NORTH of Missouri

Monroe Doctrine The AMERICAS (which include Canada, North, Latin and South Americas) closed to further colonization European efforts to reestablish colonies would be considered “dangerous to our peace and safety” US would stay out of European affairs ISOLATIONIST ATTITUDE

John Quincy Adams’ Presidency

Tariff of Abomination JQ Adams – raised tariff on raw materials and manufactured goods (bad for S) Andrew Jackson elected president b/c S hates the tariff idea First time SC threatens to secede John C. Calhoun – VP for Jackson – from SC but doesn’t want SC to secede

Doctrine of Nullification (JCalhoun) If a state doesn’t like a federal law, doesn’t have to follow it GIVE STATES POWER Calhoun wants Jackson’s support but Jackson doesn’t give it – supports the UNION AS ONE idea. Jackson on SC seceding “hang the first man of them I can get my hands on” – when Jackson runs a second time, no Calhoun as VP candidate HENRY CLAY – finds a compromise and lowers the tariff. SC doesn’t secede

Andrew Jackson’s Presidency

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Trail of Tears

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