The Pilgrims and The Puritans Bradstreet, Edwards, Miller

Who are they?? The Pilgrims were part of a group of English Puritans called the “Separatists” who fled persecution in England. The Pilgrims traveled to America aboard the Mayflower and landed at Plymouth in 1620.

Who are they? Puritans is a general term for English Protestants who wanted to “purify” the Church of England. The Puritans objected to the rituals, decorations, and organization of the Church of England. They wanted a simpler form of worship and organization.

The Mayflower

Cross Section of the Ship

Route Map

The Voyage The Mayflower left Plymouth, England on September 6, 1620, and anchored off the tip of Cape Cod on November 11 The voyage started with 102 passengers, three of them were pregnant women. One baby was born on the ship. Halfway through the voyage, they encountered bad storms which began to make the ship very leaky. The ship arrived damaged with most passengers alive.

Food for one man (intended to last for one year) Beer (the primary drink for everyone, water was often considered unsafe) About 2 barrels of wheat (a barrel held 36 gallons) About 1/2 barrel of peas, and 1/2 barrel of oats 2 gallons of vinegar 1 gallon aqua-vitae (a strong liquor made from distilling beer or wine) 1 gallon salad oil Bacon Cheese Sugar, Spice and Fruit  

Native Americans The pilgrims first encountered the Wampanoag Indians. The Indians lived off the land and believed everyone (people and animals) was equal. These Indians lived in Wigwams and lived in New England

Wampanoag Words ausomma petuc quanocke - give me some bread chesco kean - you lie commouton kean - you steal cotattup - I drink to you docke taugh he necke - what is your name? haddo quo dunna moquonash – Where did you buy that? Tonocco wam- Where have you been? matta - no meseig - hair matchanni - very sick nancompees - a boy nickesquaw - a girl netop - a friend noeshow - a father nitka - a mother noe wammaw ause - I love you pappouse - a child tantacum - beat him tauh coi - it is very cold

Living in Harmony??? Eventually the Indians caught disease from the English and many died from these diseases and starvation. The English were tearing apart the Indian's land, and they eventually got pushed out of the area they had called home.

Plymouth Plymouth was settled in 1620. The men hunted while the women stayed home to farm and cook. The children were used for manual labor. When the pilgrims were not working they were praying and reading the Bible.

Plymouth Rock

What the Puritans Believed Religion is a personal, inner experience. Humans are wicked by nature, and most are marked for damnation. A chosen few can be saved through the grace of God. Hard work and worldly success are signs of God’s grace. Education is essential in order to read the Word of God.

Grace: The Puritan Ideal Grace—God’s special favor—was the only way to escape an eternity in Hell. People did not know for certain if they had grace, but they could feel the arrival of grace as an intense emotion. People who had grace were among the “elect” (saved). People who did not have grace were among the “unregenerate” (damned).

Puritan Literature What the Puritans Read The Bible and other religious texts Why They Read Puritans stressed individual responsibility for spiritual development. Every person was responsible for reading and understanding the Bible.

Puritan Writing Style Puritans favored a plain style of writing. Plain style is a way of writing that stresses simplicity and clarity of expression. Plain style emphasizes uncomplicated sentences and the use of everyday words from common speech avoids elaborate figures of speech and imagery “There is nothing between you and hell but the air; it is only the power and mere pleasure of God that holds you up.” from “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” by Jonathan Edwards

Puritans in Salem 1692—Girls suffer from mysterious illness in Salem, Massachusetts. Doctors blame witchcraft. Mass hysteria erupts; neighbors accuse one another. In the end, about 150 people were accused, and 20 were executed.

Where are the Puritans today? The Age of Faith gradually gave way to the Age of Reason. Philosophers and scientists stressed the importance of using reason, rather than religion, to explain how the world operates. The Puritans didn’t disappear—their culture was absorbed into the colonial mainstream.

Puritan Legacy In the United States, we generally value individual rights and responsibilities equality of individuals literacy and education spiritual and worldly rewards for hard work