IO Group #1: Lorenzo, Alyssa, Divya, Lara, Vianna Pablo Neruda IO Group #1: Lorenzo, Alyssa, Divya, Lara, Vianna

Goal:

Jeopardy Rules: In your table groups create a team name and then choose a representative The first representative to stand and raise their hand will get a chance at answering The only person allowed to talk for the team is the representative You don’t get deducted points for trying You get ½ of the points being given if you attempt to answer Only the first three teams will get a shot at attempting to answer *Wink wink* If you keep tabs on what you do and don’t know that might be useful for you reflective statement

Awards and Recognition Intro to Pablo Neruda Background Awards and Recognition Literary Movement Poetry Techniques 100 200 300 400 500

Who was Pablo Neruda? Chilean Poet

Pablo Neruda Chilean Poet (1904-1973) Real Name: Ricardo Eliecer Neftali Reyes Pen name was inspired by Czech poet Jan Neruda Wrote poetry regarding the history of South America Chilean Diplomat and Politician Won Nobel Prize for Literature 1971

What made Pablo Neruda Important? Politically involved in Latin America and criticized politics within his poems

Who is Gabriela Mistral? Neruda’s teacher

Gabriela Mistral Considered the greatest Chilean women writer ever Both Neruda and Mistral won the Nobel Prize for Literature Mistral: First Latin-American women to win 1945 Neruda: Won 1971 Considered the greatest Chilean women writer ever Progressive ideas that pushed traditional society After becoming a teacher she began to fight for women’s rights She used a lot of personal events in her poetry and also wrote about Chile and Latin America A lot of resemblance in the themes used in their writing

What was Neruda’s style of poetry? “Nerudism” // “Nerudismo” “I am the foremost adversary of Nerudism”

Poetic Style: Neruda’s Poetic Style dependent on the topic and themes within the poem. In 1924 his volume of poems were written in a surrealistic style: Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair Surrealistic Style shown through usage of Rich Imagery Surreal Metaphor Example: “Leaning into the Evenings” Ocean/Water Imagery “I cast red signals over your absent eyes / which lap like the sea at the lighthouse shore” (5-6) Ocean eyes “Leaning into the evenings I throw my sad nets / to your ocean eyes” (1-2)

Poetic Style cont. Writing style shift when writing Residence on Earth, and Other Poems (1925-1945) Poetry became a lot more direct Three cycles First two cycles are introspective and filled with images of alienation “I wrench hell’s captain from my heart / and lay down sad, equivocating phrases.” Third cycle: shift to social and political themes Spoken voice and realistic use of language Less rhetorical “Come and see the blood / in the streets!” “Canto General”

How did Neruda’s poetic style change Went from surrealism and vague diction to direct political commentary

What is Pablo Neruda’s real name? Ricardo Eliecer Neftali Reyes

Neruda’s social life and society: Childhood Born with the name Ricardo Eliecer Neftali Reyes in Chile July 12, 1904 Father: Word on the Railroads. He died in 1938 during a train accident Mother: A School teacher. She died of tuberculosis when Neruda was 3 Had a good relationship with his stepmother Trinidad Candia He lived in a forested woodland area (Influenced a lot of his writings) Family was not rich, but they weren’t poor either (Lower middle class) He read a lot as a child and had begun to write poetry, but was not a good student He found LITTLE support in his writing He adopted the name “Pablo Neruda” as a cover up name He had submitted a poem to a local magazine without telling his father

At what age did Neruda publish his first volume of poems? Age 19 - Crepúsculario

Neruda’s social life and society: Young Adult Age 16: Was sent to the Institute of Pedagógico, a teaching college. Majored in French Still wrote poetry, mostly involved the themes of love and death 1923 (Age 19): Published his first volume of poems: Crepúsculario 1927: Neruda receives a diplomatic job because of his literary contributions Now he was earning money: could work, but still had time to write Traveled to places in Asia (Japan, China, India, Sri Lanka) 1933: Went to Spain and met other distinguished poets Garcia Lorca and Rafael Alberti Neruda forced to leave when civil war broke out in Spain in 1936

What year did Neruda run for senate? 1944

Political Involvement After fleeing the Spanish Civil War, Neruda went to Chile The was NOT mandated by his government Announced that Chile supported the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War Neruda was IN FAVOR of the Republicans Lost his government job for this He then went to Paris to raise money to transport war refugees to Chile Joined the COMMUNIST PARTY 1933-1941: Secretary to the Chilean embassy in Mexico 1941-1944: Was a consul to the Chilean embassy in Mexico 1944: Ran for senate and won

Political involvement cont. 1947: Wrote letters to newspapers in Venezuela and Mexico charging that the Chilean president had sold Chile to the U.S Neruda had initially supported the president Strip of his job status, charged with treason and forced into hiding. He later fled to Mexico Traveled to Asia, Europe, and the Soviet Union in his exile He returned to Chile in the mid-1950s 1970: Neruda a communist party nominee for president He dropped out of the race and supported another up and coming candidate Salvador Allende 1971-1972: Was the ambassador to France September 23, 1973: Neruda died of cancer Days before his death, a coup had been staged and overthrew government and Allende was killed

What social class did Neruda come from? Lower middle class

Who did Neruda support after dropping out of the race for president? Salvador Allende

What prize did Neruda win for his poetry? Nobel Prize for Literature

The Nobel Prize Received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1971 For poetry that with the action of elemental force brings alive a continent’s destiny and dreams

What way one main theme in Neruda’s Nobel Prize Speech? The Journey of Life

Speech “I did not learn from books any recipe for writing a poem, and I, in my turn, will avoid giving any advice on mode or style which might give the new poets even a drop of supposed insight.” “I have always found somewhere the necessary support, the formula which had been waiting for me not in order to be petrified in my words but in order to explain me to myself.” “There is no insurmountable solitude. All paths lead to the same goal: to convey to others what we are.” “For this reason no poet has any considerable enemy other than his own incapacity to make himself understood by the most forgotten and exploited of his contemporaries, and this applies to all epochs and in all countries.” “The poet is not a ‘little god’. “

Speech cont. “But one thing I realized – that it is we ourselves who call forth the spirits through our own myth-making.” “We force upon ourselves a realism which later proves to be more burdensome than the bricks of the building, without having erected the building which we had regarded as an indispensable part of our task.” “We must fill with words the most distant places in a dumb continent and we are intoxicated by this task of making fables and giving names.” “...that the whole future has been expressed in this line by Rimbaud: only with a burning patience can we conquer the splendid City which will give light, justice and dignity to all mankind.”

How did society perceive Neruda? Neruda was the greatest poet of the 20th century in any language

Neruda Poetry: Reception Many of neruda’s poems had a controversial reception because of the themes he used in his writing “Twenty Love Poems” was controversial due to erotic themes “Residencia en la tierra” focused on a pessimistic view of humans and existentialism He included elements of communism in his poems, which was one of the factors that led to his exile Despite all the controversy, however, Neruda’s poems were also widely lauded by many other writers including Gabriel García Márquez “the greatest poet of the 20th century in any language”

How is Neruda’s poetry perceived today? Neruda is still perceived as one of the most unique and influential poets of his time

Neruda’s Poetry: Modern Day Reception Neruda’s poems pushed social and political boundaries, and he has now come to be regarded as a prophesier and one of the most unique poets of his time His poems have grown to have a huge influence in popular culture today

What was one reason Neruda was exiled? He included elements of communism

What is the Modernista literary movement? Movement driven by conscious desire to overturn traditional norms and express new sensibility of their time

What era did Neruda publish his work in? Modernista Era

Modernista Literary Movement Movement driven by conscious desire to overturn traditional norms and express new sensibility of their time (they wanted change). Movement lead by Ruben Dario, Leopoldo Lugones, and Julio Herrera y Reissig Was a blend of 3 European Currents: Romanticism, Symbolism, and Parnassianism French Literary Style). Neruda in Movement: Wrote most of his poetry during this era (20th century) Joined communist party, poets more active in politics

Joined the communist party Besides publishing poetry, how else did Neruda play a role in the Modernista Era? Joined the communist party

Who was the Modernista Movement lead by? Ruben Dario, Leopoldo Lugones, and Julio Herrera y Reissig

What three writing styles were prevalent in the Modernista Era? Romanticism Symbolism Parnassianism French Literary Style

What is an ode? Ode: a lyric poem in the form of an address to a particular subject, often elevated in style or manner and written in varied or irregular meter

What was the effect Neruda’s use of odes? He used odes to talk to ordinary people about ordinary things

Neruda’s use of odes Neruda’s aim was to speak to ordinary people about ordinary things Neruda looked up to Alexander Pushkin, a famous Russian poet, playwright, and novelist Neruda didn’t know that Pushkin once wrote that odes were the lowest form of poem because they lacked a “plan” and because mere “rapture” excluded the kind of “tranquility” which was an “indispensable condition of the highest beauty”. Fortunately, Neruda’s odes proved otherwise Some of his odes were very political, mostly condemning North American military aggression in Korea and United States appropriation of the Chilean copper industry Some of Neruda’s odes: Ode to Socks, Ode to the Lemon, Ode to the Onion, Ode to Wine

But How Do I Write An Ode? Get emotional, tap into your deep feelings to find inspiration Select the particular form of ode you would like to use (we will be using the form of the Horatian ode) Keep in mind that size matters…. Write about what comes naturally to you Remember that you have the freedom to create and change your ode however you best see fit! For this exercise particularly, keep the main idea and contents of your ode appropriate :)

How did Neruda write in a surrealistic style? Rich imagery Surreal Metaphors

Neruda’s Poetry: Your Turn (to draw) As you might have noticed in class, Neruda uses a lot of imagery in his poems! Your task is to pick two lines maximum from the poem on the next page and illustrate them as a table group. Let’s see if what you picture is what Neruda pictures…  

The Poet or they parted for burial That time when I moved among happenings or they parted for burial in the midst of my mournful devotions; that time their secretest flower in immodesty's garden. when I cherished a leaflet of quartz, Estranged to myself, like shadow on water, at gaze in a lifetime's vocation. that moves through a corridor's fathoms, I ranged in the markets of avarice I sped through the exile of each man's existence, where goodness is bought for a price, breathed this way and that, and so, to habitual loathing; the insensate miasmas of envy, the inhuman for I saw that their being was this: to stifle contention of masks and existences. I endured in the bog-dweller's element; the lily one half of existence's fullness like fish that breaks on the water in a sudden in an alien limit of ocean. And there, disturbance of bubbles and blossoms, devoured me. in immensity's mire, I encountered their death; Whatever the foot sought, the spirit deflected, Death grazing the barriers, or sheered toward the fang of the pit. So my poems took being, in travail Death opening roadways and doorways. retrieved from the thorn, like a penance, wrenched by a seizure of hands, out of solitude;

Why did Pushkin believe odes were the lower form of poetry? They lacked a “plan” and “rapture” excluded the kind of “tranquility” which was an “indispensable condition of the highest beauty”

How was Neruda’s poetry political? His poetry condemned North American military aggression in Korea and the United States appropriation of the Chilean copper industry

Reflective Statement “How to” Don’t forget that the whole purpose of a reflective statement is to show how you have developed an understanding of knowledge Start with what you knew or didn’t know previously and expand on that: What you have learned and/or how it has changed your perspective Don’t forget to quote people and provide evidence in your statement. And don’t forget quote lead in either. Example: I knew that Neruda was a Chilean Poet, but I didn’t not know that he traveled and lived in different countries. Other topics: Diplomatic and cultural ties to Asia and Europe Neruda’s Childhood Anything about how Neruda writes poetry The Ode and how Neruda uses it What Neruda writes about: Poet of the people Neruda and the Nobel prize

Works Cited: Feinstein, Adam M. "Making the Ordinary Extraordinary: Pablo Neruda's Odes.” Words Without Borders. N.p., 2013. Web. 01 Nov. 2015. Guardiola-Rivera, Oscar. "Pablo Neruda's Importance Was as Much Political as Poetic." The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited, 10` Apr. 2013. Web. 1 Nov. 2015. “Pablo Neruda.” World History. The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2015. Web. 29 Oct. 2015. "Pablo Neruda by Neftalí Ricardo Reyes Basoalto Essay - Critical Essays - ENotes.com." Enotes.com. Enotes.com, n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2015. <http://www.enotes.com/topics/pablo- neruda- 61090/critical-essays>. "Neruda's Participation in Modernism." Pablo Neruda. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2015. Villa, Laura. "Chile." Making Poetry out of Politics: Gabriela Mistral and Pablo Neruda. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2015. <http://theculturetrip.com/ south-america/chile/articles/making-poetry-out-of-politics- gabriela-mistral-and-pablo-neruda/>.