The Price of Being Forgotten? Experiences from the Maasai Pastoralists of Kajiado Stephen ole Tipanko Chairman, IWRUA

1. Education Who? Government in promoting pastoralists education (rhyming with migration); Cultural bias towards pastoralism and not education by the Maasai;

Education Contd Effects: Inadequate knowledge on exploitation of natural resources; Unsustainable use of natural resources (sand sales, felling of trees, disposal of minerals such as gypsum, quarry stones etc) Low cost disposal of natural resources e.g. gypsum, marbles, limestone, Lack of knowledge on value additions e.g. in milk, meat, minerals, livestock etc Low levels of land use diversification e.g horticulture, poultry, agroforestry (ASAL), zero grazing,

2. Cultures Who? Maasai changing lifestyles; Government policies focus on conventional knowledge ;

2. Cultures Contd Effects lack of factoring in of local laws and justice dispensation; Leadership on natural resources is based on conventional and other interests; Indigenous foods have been sidelined leading to part malnutrition; Traditional ways of natural resources management have been sidelined, leading to haphazard access and use; Controls in access and use through Ilooshon have been discarded- it is now only individual v individual; Collective responsibility on natural resources has disappeared -Indigenous knowledge and technology, songs, dances, folk tales to educate on resources has dissappeared,.

3. Social Resources Who? Government (through its policies) Effects dialogue on common resources has been eroded; common orientations on natural resources disrupted; Relationships and networks -Leadership and management of natural resources no longer discusses common resources but individual -Family roles in natural resources management for equal access has been sidelined; ownership of resources has been individualized; poverty is more of an individual problem than communal; discpline in destruction of resources and access is not respected. It is the court season that is now supreme;

4. Leadership Who? National Political system Local traditional political interests Civil society interests Gender concerns Elitism

Leadership Contd Effects 1.Exploitations of local by politician who favour big investors 2.Investors funding politician 3.Rising levels of corruption in access and use of natural resources; 4.Loss of land 5.Loss of water resources 6.Loss of vegetation 7.Loss of livestock holding grounds 8.Loss of forestry land 9.Loss of wildlife corridors 10.Loss of land to wildlife

5. Infrastructure Who? Government Effects: poor access to locales of natural resources; lack of developments for exploitation of natural resources; non discovery of natural resources; inadequate marketing of natural resources; inadequate knowledge flow on natural resources exploitation; exploitation by those with knowledge; limited knowledge on land use potentials; inadequate address on natural resources conflicts;

Ashe Oleng!