The Eumenides.

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Presentation transcript:

The Eumenides

Acropolis and Environs

Areopagus

Areopagus

The Eumenides Dramatis personæ Setting The Plot Orestes Clytemnestra (ghost) The Pythia Apollo Athena Chorus 1: Eumenides Chorus 2: Athenian women Setting 1: The temple of Apollo at Delphi 2: The acropolis at Athens The Plot Athena and an Athenian court exonerate Orestes and give the Eumenides a new divine role.

The Eumenides: Plot I. At the temple of Apollo in Delphi (1-234) A. The Pythia’s speech (1-63) 1. Before entering temple (1-33) a. History of prophecy at Delphi / Prayer to Apollo and Zeus (1-19) b. Prayer to Athena, Dionysus, springs, Poseidon, Zeus again (20-31) c. She enters the temple (32-33) 2. After entering temple (34-63) a. She describes her horror (34-38) b. She retells what she saw (39-59) c. She calls upon Apollo (61-64)

Red-Figure Krater 1

Red-Figure Krater 2

Red-Figure Krater 3

The Eumenides: Plot (cont.) B. Apollo’s speech (64-93) 1. He will defend Orestes (64-66) 2. He has lulled the Eumenides to sleep (66-68) 3. He describes the Eumenides (67-73) 4. He tells Orestes to seek sanctuary at Athena’s temple in Athens (74-80) 5. Foretells the trial and Orestes’ acquittal (81-83) 6. Declares that he did indeed order Orestes to murder Clytemnestra (84) 7. Interruption: Orestes begs Apollo for further aid (85-87) 8. Apollo asks Hermes to accompany Orestes to Athens; invokes Zeus Xenios (88-93)

The Eumenides: Plot (cont.) C. Clytemnestra wakes the chorus (94-139) 1. She is dishonored for her murder among the dead, but Orestes has gone free (94-105) 2. She reminds the Eumenides of her sacrifices and their duty (106-116) 3. She awakens them (117-139) D. 1st Stasimon: the Eumenides sing of their shame and disgust at Apollo (140-177) 1. They rouse themselves (140-142) 2. Their shame at falling asleep... (143-148) 3. …turns to anger at Apollo, a young god who has unjustly used force against senior citizens (149-154)

The Eumenides: Plot (cont.) 4. They are driven on by the foul murder of Clytemnestra (155-161) 5. Zeus’ generation rules by force, not by right (162-167) 6. Apollo has sullied himself and his shrine (169-172) 7. They vow to fight on (175-178) E. Apollo appears and argues with the Eumenides (179-234) 1. Apollo orders them away, threatening and abusing them (179-197) 2. Stichomythia: Eumenides blame Apollo for his actions and defend their own (198-212)

The Eumenides: Plot (cont.) 3. Apollo accuses them of ignoring Zeus, Hera, and Aphrodite’s rights with their one-sided view (213-224) 4. The Eumenides refuse to quit (225-231) 5. Apollo will continue to help Orestes, who sought his help (232-234) II. Outside the temple of Athena in Athens A. Orestes argues with the Eumenides (235-298) 1. He prays to Athena; she does not appear yet (235-244) 2. The Eumenides search for Orestes (245-257) 3. The spy him and sing of his punishment (258-275) 4. Orestes claims he has been purified by Apollo (276-286)

The Eumenides: Plot (cont.) 5. He summons Athena; again she does not appear (287-298) B. 2nd Stasimon (299-396) 1. Orestes must pay (299-306) 2. The Eumenides pursue only the guilty (307-320) 3. Their divine role is ancient (321-359) 4. They perform a necessary service none of the other gods will undertake (360-367) 5. They bring down the arrogant (368-385) 6. They are steadfast and right, though terrible (385-396)