Unit 11 Country case studies: Canada, NL 4th May 2006, Laura Laubeova

Canada 300 years of immigration 1996 CENSUS OF CANADA TABULATIONS: ethnic origin, official language, home language 12, 5 mil., 44% other than Br, Fr, Canad. 5, 3 mil (19%) only Can. 4, 9 mil (17%) only Br. 2,7 mil (10%´) only Fr.

Diversity in regions W. Provinces – over 60% other then Br, Fr, Can Saskatchewan- 61% other, 7% Aborig.; Territories- 37% Aborig.

Ethnic min. larger than 900 tho.: Germans (2mil.), Ital., Ukraine (1 mil.), Chinese, Dutch (0,9 mil.)

Larger than 350 tho.: Scandinavians, Poles, South Asians (600 tho.), Caribbean, Jews

Non- European: Aborig., Chinese, South Asians, Philippinos, Latin Americans

Minorities (non Fr, Br, Can): Germans - Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia, Atlant. Provincies Ital. - Quebec (then Aboridg.) Aborig. - Territories

Visible minorities - in Employment Equity Act: Persons other than aboriginal peoples, who are non- Caucasian in ´race´ or non-white in colour, other origin than European Since 1996 – question No. 19 Do you belong to..? mil. (11,2%).

Visible minorities Over a half (1,7 mil.) in Ontario, 41% in cities (Toronto, Vancouver. Montreal. Largest - Chinese (800 tho.), South Asians, Blacks Most Chinese are immigrants (75%); Japanese and Blacks were rather born in Canada (65%, 42 %)

Designated groups Employment Equity Act apart from visible minorities 4 designated groups: Women Aboriginals Disabled

Immigrants 5 mil immigrants - 17 % (1996). cf only 2 mil. 13 % (655 tho.) born in UK 7% (330 tho.) in It. 5% in China, India, USA

Definition of an immigrant: 1. CIC (Citizenship and Immigration Canada) – who received a permit for permanent settlement 2. Census of Canada – who was not born in Canada "What Country are you a Citizen of?"

Languages: official (Fr, Engl.) + non-official "home languages“ Home language is defined as the language most often spoken at home. (Statistics Canada collected information on English, French and a maximum of one non-official language)

Languages: 17% (4,9 mil) other mother tongue than Fr. or Engl. 10% (3 mil) speaks at home with other tongue than Fr. or Engl.

Home languages Chinese (half mil) Italian Panjabi Spanish Portugeese

Home languages 12 out of 20 most spread home language are non-European Chines, Panjabi, Arab, Tagalog, Vietnamese, Tamil, Cree, Farsi, Korean, Urdu, Guajarati, Hindu

Source: Multicultural Canada, A Demographic Overview, Strategic Research and Business Planning, Dept. of Canadian Heritage, 1998 Etc., vide bellow

MCP Official Languages act in 1969 Official policy of Multiculturalism in 1971 Canadian Multiculturalism Act in Renewed multiculturalism programme

Nunavat 1 April 1999 Inuktitut

Resources: Canada Year Book 1997, Minister of Industry, 1996 Canadian Heritage: Multicultural Program, Respect, Equality, Diversity, Program Guidelines, July 1998 The Evidence Series, Facts About Multiculturalism, May 21, volume 1, July 21, volume 2, September volume 3** Profile, Newsletter of the Royal Society of Canada, Vol.5, No.1, Spring 1997 Breton, Raymond: From Ethnic to Civic Nationalism: English Canada and Quebec in Hutchinson, John, Smith Anthony, ed. (1996) Ethnicity, Oxford- New York: Oxford University Press

Employment Equity Act 1986 Canadian Multiculturalism Act, 1988 Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms 1982 Official Languages act 1969 Canadian Bill of Rights 1960 Canadian Citizenship Act 1947