Grain Products Chapter 32

Parts of a Kernel Grains – seeds of plants in the grass family. Germ – tiny embryo that will grow into a new plant Endosperm – food supply for the embryo that contains proteins, starches and other nutrients Bran – outer protective coat or skin.

Important Terms to Know Whole grain products – use the entire kernel and contain most of the kernel’s original nutrients. Processing – takes away bran and germ along with fiber and nutrients found in them. Enriched – adding nutrients that were originally there back into the product. Fortified – adding nutrients to the products that were note there originally.

Types of Grains Wheat Rice Corn Oats Other grains like Amaranth, Barley, Buckwheat, Couscous, Kasha, Millet, Quinoa, Rye, Spelt, Teff, and Tricale

Other Grain Products Pasta – Italian word meaning “paste’, or dough made from flour and water. A special wheat called Durum is grown especially for pasta. It helps the pasta hold it’s shape when cooked.

Breads Leavened – a leavening agent like yeast, or baking powder causes bread to rise Unleavened – flat bread like pita bread

Storing Whole grains – store in refrigerator because they contain oil and can spoil at room temperature. Refrigerate fresh pasta Uncooked grains and grain products store in cool, dry place. Place in tightly covered containers. Cooked grains can be stored in the refrigerator and used within a couple of days or frozen.

How to Store Bread Short term – can keep at room temperature Long term – can place in freezer In humid weather – can store in refrigerator.

Cooking Grains Need water to make them edible Don’t rinse pasta because lose valuable nutrients. Al dente means firm to the bite. Term used when pasta is done.

How to Cook Rice Bring liquid to a boil Add rice and cover Bring to a boil again Reduce heat and simmer Keep covered and stir as little as possible

How to tell if the rice is done. Rice will be moist, tender but firm with no liquid left in the pot. If liquid remains cook with lid off until liquid is absorbed or evaporates.