Global Prehistory images 1-11

Content: Context: Form: Function Terms: Themes: 1. Apollo 11 stones. Namibia. C.25,500-25,300 BCE Charcoal on stone 4 ½” x 5”

Content: Context: Form: Function Terms: Themes: 2. Great Hall of the Bulls. Lascaux, France. Paleolithic Europe. 15,000-13,000 BCE. Rock Painting

Form Context Content Function Themes Terms 3. Camelid sacrum in the shape of a canine. Tequixquiac, central Mexico. 14,000-7,000 BCE Bone

Form Context Content Function Themes Terms 4. Running horned woman. Tassili n’Ajjer, Algeria. 6,000-4,000 BCE Pigment on rock

Form Content Context Function Terms Themes 5. Bushel with ibex motifs. Susa, Iran. 4200-3500 BCE Painted terra cotta Neolithic

Content Form Context Function Terms Themes 6. Anthropomorphic stele. Arabian Peninsula. Fourth millennium BCE sandstone

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 7. Jade cong. Liangzhu, China. 3,300-2,200 BCE carved jade

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Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 9. The Ambun Stone, Ambun Valley, Enga Province, Papua New Guinea c.1500 BCE, Greywacke

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 10. Tlatilco female figure. Central Mexico, site of Tlatilco, 1200-900 BCE Ceramic

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 11. Terra cotta fragment. Lapita. Solomon Islands, Reef Islands. 1000 BCE terra cotta (incised)

Ancient Mediterranean images 12-47

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 12. White Temple and its Ziggurat. Uruk (modern Warka, Iraq). Sumerian c.3600-3000 BCE Mud brick. (2 images)

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 13. Palette of King Narmer. Predynastic Egypt. c.3000-2920 BCE Greywacke. (2 images)

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 14. Statues of votive figures, from the Square Temple at Eshnunna (modern Tell Asmar, Iraq) Sumerian. C.2700 BCE Gypsum inlaid with shell and black limestone

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 15. Seated Scribe. Saqqara, Egypt, Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty. c. 2620-2500 BCE Painted Limestone

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 16. Standard of Ur from the Royal Tombs at Ur (modern Tell el-Muqayyar, Iraq). Sumerian. c. 2600-2400 BCE Wood inlaid with shell, lapis lazuli, and red limestone (2 images)

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 17. Great Pyramids (Menkaure, Khafre, Khufu) and the Great Sphinx. Giza, Egypt. Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty. c. 2550-2490 BCE Cut Limestone. (2 images)

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 18. King Menkaure and queen. Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty. c. 2490-2472 BCE Greywacke

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 19. The Code of Hammurabi. Babylon (Modern Iraq). Susian. c.1762-1750 BCE basalt

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 20. Temple of Amun-Re and Hypostyle Hall. Karnak, near Luxor, Egypt New Kingdom, 18th and 19th Dynasties. Temple: c.1550 BCE; hall c. 1250 BCE Cut sandstone and mud brick (3 images)

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 21. Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut. Near Luxor. Egypt. New Kingdom. 18th Dynasty. C.1473-1458 BCE Sandstone, partially carved into a rock cliff, and red granite. (2 images) Kneeling statue of Hatshepsut. Metropolitan Museum of New York

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 22. Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and three daughters. New Kingdom (Amarna). 18th Dynasty. C.1353-1335 BCE Limestone

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 23. Tutankhamun’s tomb, innermost coffin. New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty. c.1323 BCE Gold with inlay of enamel and semiprecious stones.

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 24. Last Judgment of Hu-Nefer, from his tomb (page from the Book of the Dead). New Kingdom, 19th Dynasty. c.1275 BCE painted papyrus scroll

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 25. Lamassu from the citadel of Sargon II, Dur Sharrukin (modern Khorsabad, Iraq). Neo-Assyrian. c.720-705 BCE Alabaster

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 26. Athenian agora. Archaic through Hellenistic Greek. 600 BCE- 150 BCE Plan

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 27. Anavysos Kouros. Archaic Greek. c.530 BCE Marble with remnants of paint.

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 28. Peplos Kore from the Acropolis. Archaic Greek. c.530 BCE Marble. Painted details.

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 29. Sarcophagus of the Spouses. Etruscan. c. 520 BCE terra cotta

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 30. Audience Hall (apadana) of Darius and Xerxes. Persepolis (Parsa), Iran. Persian. c. 520-465 BCE limestone (2 images)

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes Temple of Minerva (Veii, near Rome, Italy) and sculpture of Apollo. Master sculptor Vulca. c.510-500 BCE Original temple of wood, mud brick, or tufa (volcanic rock); terra cotta sculpture (3 images).

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 32. Tomb of the Triclinium. Tarquinia, Italy. Etruscan. c.480-470 BCE Tufa and fresco

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 33. Niobides Krater. Anonymous vase painter of Classical Greece known as the Niobid Painter. c.460-450 BCE Clay, red-figure technique (white highlights). (2 images)

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 34. Doryphoros (Spear Bearer). Polykleitos. Original 450-440 BCE. Roman copy (marble) of Greek original (bronze).

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 35. Acropolis. Athens, Greece. Iktinos and Kallikrates. c.447-410 BCE Marble. (6 images)

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 36. Grave Stele of Hegeso. Attributed to Kallimachos. c.410 BCE Marble and paint.

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 37. Winged Victory of Samothrace. Hellenistic Greek. c.190 BCE Marble

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 38. Great Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamon. Asia Minor (present-day Turkey). Hellenistic Greek. c.175 BCE Marble (architecture and sculpture). (3 images)

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 39. House of the Vettii. Pompeii, Italy. Imperial Roman. c.second century BCE; rebuilt c.62-79 CE. Cut stone and fresco. (3 images)

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 40. Alexander Mosaic from the House of Faun, Pompeii. Republican Roman. c.100 BCE Mosaic

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 41. Seated Boxer. Hellenistic Greek. c. 100 BCE Bronze

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 42. Head of a Roman Patrician, Republican Roman. c.75-50 BCE marble

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 43. Augustus of Prima Porta. Imperial Roman. Early first century CE Marble

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 44. Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater). Rome, Italy. Imperial Roman. 70-80 CE Stone and Concrete. (2 Images)

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 45. Forum of Trajan. Rome, Italy. Apollodorus of Damascus. Forum and markets: 106-112 CE; column complete 113 CE Brick and concrete (architecture); marble (column. (4 images).

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 46. Pantheon. Imperial Roman. 118-125 CE concrete with stone facing (2 images)

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes 47. Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus. Late Imperial Roman. c. 250 CE

174. Portrait mask (Mblo). Baule peoples (Cote d’Ivoire). Form Individual portrait that is naturalistic and abstract, Content Individual portrait expressing beauty, respect for Function Mblo performance Context Performance Themes Portraiture Private and Public Terms Mblo 174. Portrait mask (Mblo). Baule peoples (Cote d’Ivoire). Early 20th century CE Wood and pigment. (2 images). Baule Portrait Mask of Moya Yanso (ca. 1890-1973) by Owie Kimou (d. 1948) Height: 14 1/4 in (36.2 cm)

Content Form Function Context Terms Themes Idealized beauty and moral goodness combined, danced by a young woman, knowledge of dance. Zone 1: neck rolls Zone 2: face (small mouth, high forehead, nearly closed eyes, scarification on cheeks (though not found on Mende people) Zone 3: complex coiffures, many elements can be added (horns, animals, Form Three zones, Function Masquerade or performance called Bundu or Sowei, Life Transition, Moral Guidance Context Kept private until performed, Terms Bundu/Sowei Mende Raffia Sande Themes Gender Beauty Ritual Water 175. Bundu Mask. Sande Society, Mende peoples (West African forests of Sierra Leone and Liberia). 19th to 20th century CE Wood, cloth, and fiber. (2 images).

Content Form Function Context Themes Religion/Sacred Terms Male Power, Personal Large horns (often ram), right hand often holds sword, left hand often holds severed head, often seated, surfaces encrusted from , can be attended to daily with offernings Form Tall, abstracted male figure Function Igbo Personal Shrine Figure Context Personal Shrine, Igbo public shrines such as Themes Religion/Sacred Moveable Shrine Male Power Terms Igbo Ikenga Shrine 176. Ikenga (shrine figure). Igbo peoples (Nigeria). c.19th to 20th century CE Wood.

Form Wood, beads, metal Content Function Context Themes Terms Divination Board Royal History Context Themes History Terms Luba Lukasa Mdudye Society 177. Lukasa (memory board). Mdudye Society, Luba peoples (Democratic Republic of the Congo). c.19th and 20th century CE Wood, beads, and metal. (2 images).

Content Form Context Function Terms Themes Geometric beading on long, vertical fabric, large round ears, highly stylized Context Performance Function Royal Power Terms Aka Bamileke Themes Royal Power Performance of Power Men Society 178. Aka elephant mask. Bamileke (Cameroon, western grassfields region). c.19th to 20th century CE wood, woven raffia, cloth, and beads. (2 images)

Form Content Function Context Terms Themes Bilateral Symmetry, Stylized Geometric shapes, Content Function Guardian of ancestral bones in container Context Terms Byeri Fang Reliquary Figure Themes Death Ancestral Spirits 179. Reliquary figure (byeri). Fang peoples (southern Cameroon). c.19th to 20th century CE wood

Content Form Function Context Terms Esu/Eshu Olowe of Ise Themes King seated on throne, senior wife behind, junior wife at his feet, trickster Esu playing the flute Form Function Architectural Sculpture Context Was one of four carved posts by Olowe of Ise for the royal palace at Ikere Terms Esu/Eshu Olowe of Ise Opo Ogoga Palace at Ikere Yoruba Themes Royal Power Royal Family 180. Veranda post of enthroned king and senior wife (Opo Ogoga). Olowe of Ise (Yoruba peoples). c.1910-1914 CE Wood and pigment.