Why is Each Point on Earth Unique? Regions Areas of Unique Characteristics

Formal Region Uniform region… everyone shares one or more common characteristics. How are the following formal regions? What conclusions can you draw?

Functional Region Organized around a node or a focal point. The characteristic chosen is strongest at the center of the region and diminishes outward into hinterland. (Newspapers, economics, etc)

Atlanta Braves ticket holder and new stadium location

Vernacular Region Region that people perceive… they believe it exists as part of their cultural identity. If I asked you to draw a mental map of the south… what would you draw????

All posters should be colorful, neat and informative! Regions: Mind Mapping “The sense of place that humans possess may apply to a larger area of the earth than to a specific point.” In groups of 4 you are going to create a gallery poster to explain the different types of regions: formal, functional, and vernacular. Using your book and notes as reference, label these types of regions on your maps and explain how they pertain to each region you have shaded. Requirements are listed below: At the top of your poster, create a definition of “region” Create 3 sections on your posters for the 3 region types Shade in an area that represents the type of region you are explaining (use the 2 U.S. maps for formal and functional but use the world map for vernacular…MAKE SURE YOUR MAP HAS A KEY!) Below the map on the poster paper: 1.) explain the definition of the region type 2.) Shade in your region and draw an annotation to represent the characteristic 3.) explain how your region pertains to the type All posters should be colorful, neat and informative!

Culture What people care about. What people take care of. Cultural ecology= study of human environment interaction. Environmental determinism= how the physical environment caused social development.

Possibilism The physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXz4SQ_lfNM

Global Environmental Processes Physical - Needed to understand human distribution, such as where people live and what they eat Climate Vegetation Soil Landforms

Physical Processes: Koppen Climate System How does climate relate to population distribution? Wladimir Peter Köppen :German geographer, developed the Köppen climate classification system, still commonly used

Compare the white (cities) to the location of mild climates conducive to settlement

Physical Processes: Vegetation

Physical Process: Soil Erosion and depletion of natural resources are concerns.

Physical Processes: Landforms Topographic maps show landforms. Relief is the distance in elevation between two points and measures the extent of hilly vs. flat. The closer the contour lines the steeper… farther apart=flatter. How is population distribution related to topography?

Case Study: The Netherlands and Florida Make a T-chart on the back of your regions poster. You will tape a and a on either side of the T Under each thumb, explain which place is either positive/responsible environmental management OR negative/irresponsible List reasons why and explain what each place did to their environment

Dike or levee: a natural or artificial slope used to regulate water levels, prevents flooding

Positive: Negative:

Sensitive (Responsible) Environmental Modifications Netherlands The Dutch considerably altered the site of the Netherlands, through the continuous creation of polders and dikes. “God made the Earth, and the Dutch made the Netherlands.”

Not-So-Sensitive (irresponsible/poorly planned) Environmental Modifications Barrier Islands degraded and built upon. Wetlands – between Lake Okeechobee and the Everglades destroyed/built upon and drained. Kissimmee River diverted. “God made the world and Florida in six days, and the Army Corps of Engineers has been tinkering with it ever since.”

Environmental Management Case Study: Hurricane Katrina 2005 Much like Florida, New Orleans had built on marshy areas and on wetlands as the city expanded. Much like the Netherlands, they built a levee system to keep the “ocean out.” It was no match for Katrina. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A4AyiFhU Cvc (2 minutes) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ooGsvj5Se HE (4 minutes)

Why are different places similar? Key Issue Three Johannesburg, South Africa Why are different places similar? Shanghai, China

Scale… from global to local. Scale of the world is shrinking… globalization. Globalization of economy led by transnational corporations.

APHGSHS, A Transnational Corporation APHGSHS is a transnational corporation headquartered in Marietta, GA. The company was started by APHG students and it manufactures Yellow Jackets that are extremely warm and make the person wearing the jacket able to teleport to a different time and place. Because of this the company has become a billion dollar corporation selling to billions world wide.

Using the map below we need to decide where to put…. Our regional headquarters (we can have 3) Major distribution (sales and service… can have 6) Research and development (can have 2) Manufacturing (can have 3)

Our regional headquarters (3) HQ Major distribution (6) MD Research and development (2) RD Manufacturing (3) M

Why can transnational corporations exist???? Modern technology provides the ability to Move money easily Move materials easily Move and sell finished products easily. ** Space-Time Compression is the reduction in time it takes for something to reach another place. Transnational corporations remain competitive by identifying the optimal location for all of their activities… like we did with our Yellow Jacket Corporation.

ARITHMETIC DENSITY The total number of objects or people in an area. (If measuring people, would take # of people and divide by area) A large population does not necessarily mean a high arithmetic density. China is most populous (1.3 billion people, but 140/sq.km) vs. The Netherlands which has a small amount of people ( 16 million, but 400/sq.km)

PHYSIOLOGICAL DENSITY Number of people per unit area of arable land, (land suitable for agriculture). Higher density, more difficulty the country has feeding its people.

AGRICULTURAL DENSITY Number of farmers per unit of arable farmland.

CONCENTRATION If features are close, they are clustered. If features are farther apart, they are dispersed.

Pattern: The geometric arrangement of objects in spaces/regions. Patterns of MLB teams change as population changes/ spreads. In first picture they are in a concentrated pattern. In second picture they are in a dispersed pattern.

Concentration is NOT the same as density Concentration is NOT the same as density. Two neighborhoods can have the same density, but in different concentrations. Picture A= 24 houses Picture B= 32 houses They sit on the same amount of land, so a has a lower density, but they both have dispersed locations. Picture C has a high concentration.

Hearth= place where innovation or idea orginates. Diffusion Process by which connections are made between places/ regions. Hearth= place where innovation or idea orginates.

Distance Decay The farther away two groups… the less like they will interact Contact diminishes with distance and eventually disappears... This is distance decay . Can be cultural group or econ activity… example people will only travel so far for a convenience store, but will travel a long distance for a superstore.

Let’s act it out!! In groups of about 6, you need to read about and discuss the 4 types of diffusion: relocation, hierarchical, contagious, stimulus (starts on pg. 37) Based on the ideas of the group, you need to draw an illustration, possibly like a comic strip, for 2 of them…and then come up with a quick skit to explain the other 2. Be prepared to share all of your ideas with the class! 

RELOCATION DIFFUSION Spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another.

EXPANSION DIFFUSION Spread of an idea or feature by a snowballing process. Can be: Hierarchical Diffusion: to spread by authority/power. Contagious Diffusion: rapid, widespread diffusion throughout a population without relocation… is contagious. Stimulus Diffusion: spark that starts something… spread of a principle even if actual characteristic fails to catch on.

Diffusion of culture and economy has not been equal… this is known as uneven development. Three core Hearth Regions United States Western Europe Japan Those less developed countries in the periphery. Ethiopia Pakistan Haiti IN CONTRAST TO